貧困青少年主觀福祉的影響因素及作用機制: 基於青島的研究

• Other Authors: 徐從德 (author.)
• Format: Others
• Language: Chinese; English
• Published: 2016
• Online Access: http://repository.lib.cuhk.edu.hk/en/item/cuhk-1292377

目前中國大陸針對青少年福祉的系統化研究還比較少，對貧困青少年主觀福祉的研究則到現在也未有正式的研究。2009年，中國民政部提出社會福利將向適度普惠型社會福利轉變，政府和社會也開始關注和服務院舍照顧之外的貧困青少年群體。在此背景下，本研究的主要目的是：通過設計、整合及使用青少年主觀福祉測量工具，運用量化研究方法瞭解中國貧困青少年群體主觀福祉的基本情況，分析貧困青少年主觀福祉的相關影響因素及各個因素的影響力大小，探討自尊與環境因素在影響貧困青少年主觀福祉方面的作用機制，並根據研究結果提出改善和提升中國貧困青少年主觀福祉的政策及介入措施。 === 本研究採用截面研究方式，運用定量研究方法中的問卷調查法，檢驗所提出的自尊與環境交互作用理論模型，以1262名中國山東省青島市義務教育階段12-16歲的青少年為研究對象，收集在主觀福祉、自尊、生活事件、教養方式、親子溝通、同伴關係、師生關係等方面的數據，運用結構方程模型等方法進行統計分析。 === 研究結果表明中國內地貧困家庭中的青少年主觀福祉水準與自尊、教養方式、親子溝通、同伴關係、師生關係等因素直接相關，研究也發現自尊與環境因素的交互作用，共同影響貧困青少年主觀福祉的機制。自尊在同伴關係影響貧困青少年主觀福祉中起到完全中介作用，自尊在親子溝通、教養方式、師生關係影響貧困青少年主觀福祉中起到部分中介作用。教養方式、師生關係、同伴關係則在自尊影響貧困青少年主觀福祉中起到部分中介作用。群組分析與回歸分析發現貧困青少年在不同的性別、居住地、年級等方面其主觀福祉水準存在差異,而且親子溝通、教養方式、師生關係和同伴關係各因數變數對貧困青少年主觀福祉的影響存在差異。 === 基於上述研究結論，本研究認為在微觀的社會工作實務服務層面，可通過策劃綜合性的貧困青少年介入服務，從貧困青少年與父母、老師、同伴等關係改善方面入手，以提高貧困青少年的自尊為服務的核心，逐漸提升這一群體的主觀福祉水準；在宏觀的國家政策設計層面，在對貧困青少年進行物質援助之外，還需要從改善青少年與環境關係方面綜合考慮，設計推出提升貧困青少年主觀福祉水準的相關社會政策。 === 關鍵字：貧困青少年；主觀福祉；影響因素；交互作用；中介效應 === There are few systematic researches on the well-being of adolescent in Mainland China, and even no formal research on the well-being of the poor adolescent. In 2009, the Ministry of Civil Affairs of the People’s Republic of China proposed that the social welfare system in China should transform to a “moderate universal model”, which marked the increasing concern of government and society on poor adolescent who are not receiving institutional care. === The major objectives of this research is to design, integrate and implement measurement indexes of subjective well-being of youth, using quantitative method to examine the basic situation of poor adolescent in China. The second objective of this research is to analyze factors influencing their subjective well-being and the intensity of those factors. The third is to look into how the dynamics between self-esteem and environmental factors affect the subjective well-being of adolescent. Results of this research will make policy and practice recommendations to enhance and improve the subjective well-being of poor adolescent in China. === This research takes a cross-sectional research method, examines the self-esteem-environment interaction theory model proposed in this thesis. The objects of the research are 1262 adolescents between the age of 12 and 16 from Qingdao, Shandong, China. Structural equation model analysis was used to as analysis relationship between subjective well-being, self-esteem, life events, parenting style, parent-child communication, peer relationship, teacher-student relationship. === The research shows that subjective well-being of adolescent from poor family background in China is directly related to self-esteem, parenting style, parent-child communication, peer relationship, teacher-student relationship. The research also finds the mechanism in which self-esteem and environment interacted affect the subjective well-being of poor adolescent. Self-esteem serves as a full mediator in the influence of peer relationship on the subjective well-being of poor adolescent and partial mediator in that of parent-child relationship, parenting style, and teacher-student relationship on subjective well-being. In the meantime, parenting style, teacher-student relationship and peer relationship serve as a partial mediator in the influence of self-esteem on the subjective well-being of poor adolescent. According to the group analysis and regression analysis, different sex, place of residence, class have different level of subjective well-being. And influences on subjective well-being of poor adolescent caused by the sub-factors of parent-child communication, parenting, teacher-student relationship, peer relationship are different. === Based on the above findings, the research proposes that in micro social work practice, comprehensive intervention services can be provided to improve relationship of poor adolescent with parents, teachers and peers, and focus on the enhancement of self-esteem of poor adolescent so as to improve the subjective well-being of adolescent gradually. In macro policy, in addition to material assistance, we should improve the relationship between of adolescent and the social environment, so as to design implement suitable social policies to improve subjective well-being of the poor adolescent. === Keywords: poor adolescent; subjective well-being; influential factors; interaction; mediating effects === 徐從德. === Thesis Ph.D. Chinese University of Hong Kong 2016. === Includes bibliographical references (leaves ). === Abstracts in English and Chinese. === Title from PDF title page (viewed on …). === Xu cong de. === Detailed summary in vernacular field only. === Detailed summary in vernacular field only. === Detailed summary in vernacular field only. === Detailed summary in vernacular field only. === Detailed summary in vernacular field only.