探索城鎮殘疾青年的社會排斥經驗: 一項基於中國深圳巿的質性研究

• Other Authors: 于淼 (author.)
• Format: Others
• Language: Chinese; English
• Published: 2016
• Online Access: http://repository.lib.cuhk.edu.hk/en/item/cuhk-1292361

残疾人社会排斥问题由来已久，他们面临的社会排斥常在宏观的结构层面讨论，个体的被排斥经验却较少受关注。反思国内外残疾人福利的推进，从残疾被界定为身体层面的障碍和理解为遭受污名化的身份认同，到残疾被认定为社会层面的排斥和对污名化的对抗，正是残疾人群体自身的经验和发声发挥巨大的影响。本研究以质性研究为方法，探索残疾青年在不同层面，包括教育、就业以及社会关系等方面的社会排斥经验，以及与之相关的身份认同和参与社会福利的经验，在诠释主义研究范式的指导下，探索他们对这些经验的理解和反馈，试图对该群体有更深入的理解。 === 在质性研究指引下，本研究在深圳市的龙华新区和罗湖区，通过立意抽样的方法，对 14 名肢体残疾青年以及对 5 名包括社工、残联工作人员、作为照料者的父母进行了两轮深入访谈，研究对象的选择根据立意抽样的方法，遵循一些研究对象的选择标准。在数据分析的基础上，本研究取得了丰富的研究发现。 === 从理论角度来看，本研究取得了两项重要的研究成果。首先，残疾青年遭到社会排斥的经验与获得社会支持的经验共存，从个体经验层面分析社会排斥，呈现出个体与社会充分的互动，这种双向互动的过程，突破了传统的残疾人社会排斥理论所秉持的单向排斥的论述，也突破残疾研究个体模型与社会模型之间的壁垒；其次，本研究在个体经验层面探讨了残疾青年的被排斥和自我排斥的身份认同，并发现其身份认同的形成来自与微观、中观和宏观不同主体与环境进行的互动，同时，还讨论了在以往的社会排斥研究中受到忽略的被排斥主体之能动性及其所发挥的作用，而身份认同和能动性概念的引入，进一步丰富了对社会排斥经验的理论解释。这些将为社会排斥理论在残疾研究中的应用提供新的思路。 === 从残疾青年福利角度来看，也有两个新的发现。首先，通过对残疾青年个体福利经验的反思，发现当前宏观的福利框架下，社会保障制度和社会福利服务仍然存在很多不足，残疾青年和基层服务人员难以表达自身诉求，缺乏“自下而上”的调适机制；其次，研究发现家庭发挥着“理所应当”的主要福利提供者的角色，从对抗社会排斥到积极身份认同的建立，都发挥重要作用，而当前的福利机制中缺乏对残疾人家庭功能的保障。 === 结合社会排斥与社会支持的互动、身份认同和能动性在个体经验层面的重要性，以及对残疾青年参与社会福利的经验之反思，本研究提出了一个有关残疾青年福利的分析框架。作为探索性的研究，弥补了残疾青年研究的空白，丰富了社会排斥的理论解释，为今后的研究也提供一些有益的方向。并基于研究发现，提出在福利政策、残疾人组织、社工服务等方面的相应建议。 === The social exclusion of the disabled has attracted increasing attention from scholars in recent decades. Studies on social exclusion experiences of the disabled are more discussed on the macro-structural level, with less concern on the individual level. By reviewing the history of the disability rights movement, the narration of personal experiences has played a crucial role in advocating social welfare for the disabled. Previous views on defining disability as physical barriers and understanding the disabled of being forced to live with stigma have been undergoing a transition towards the adoption of a social model of disability, which defines disability as social barriers and highlights the construction of a positive identity. This research aims to explore the personal experiences of social exclusion of young disabled in mainland China from the aspects of education, employment, and social relations, moreover, to understand their formation of identities as well as their individual experiences in participating in the welfare system. === Based on the research purposes and questions, this study adopted an interpretivist paradigm and qualitative research as the methodology. This study conducted 19 in-depth interviews with youngdisabled and related people such as social workers, employees of disability organization and parents as caregivers. Participants were recruited by purposive sampling with regard to specific criteria. This study has achieved many advanced and significant findings. Implications for social welfare practice and directions for further research have also been discussed. === This study obtained two theoretical advancements. Firstly, it challenged the dominant discourse of one-way social exclusion process and broke through the division between the individual model and social model of disability. It is suggested that young disabled gain social support and bear social exclusion at the same time. Analyzing social exclusion from their lived experience, it dramatically shows the interaction between the individual and the society. Secondly, this research broadened the application of social exclusion theory by involving concepts of identity formation and agency. It examined the excluded and self excluded identities of young disabled, and showed the formation process among the interplay of social subjects and contexts in micro-sphere, meso-sphere and macro-sphere. Meanwhile, findings showed that the agency of the excluded youth has positive impacts on their social inclusion experiences and identities. === Two social welfare implications have been drawn from this study. Firstly, by exploring the individual experience within social welfare systems, the results indicated the deficiencies of social security and public service for young disabled, and that a “bottom-up” approach to social policy formulation should be considered. Secondly, the research findings recognized the supportive role of family in the Chinese culture context, as the family has positive impact on mitigating the social exclusion experiences, facilitating the formation of identities, and enhancing the agency of young disabled, however, there are limited policies to support the families with disabled. === Above all, this study provides a comprehensive description of the social exclusion experiences of disabled youth. As an exploratory research, these discussions give valuable references for further studies in this area. Specifically, the researcher proposed some key recommendations for the restructuring of the social welfare system and the improvement of service planning for organizations and social work practitioners working with the young disabled. === 于淼. === Thesis Ph.D. Chinese University of Hong Kong 2016. === Includes bibliographical references (leaves ). === Abstracts in English and Chinese. === Title from PDF title page (viewed on …). === Yu miao. === Detailed summary in vernacular field only. === Detailed summary in vernacular field only. === Detailed summary in vernacular field only. === Detailed summary in vernacular field only. === Detailed summary in vernacular field only.