Design and development of optical reflectance spectroscopy and optical coherence tomography catheters for myocardial tissue characterization

Catheter ablation therapy attempts to restore sinus rhythm in arrhythmia patients by producing site-specific tissue modification along regions which cause abnormal electrical activity. This treatment, though widely used, often requires repeat procedures to observe long-term therapeutic benefits. Thi...

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Main Author: Singh-Moon, Rajinder
Language:English
Published: 2019
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.7916/d8-5jzn-1g66
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spelling ndltd-columbia.edu-oai-academiccommons.columbia.edu-10.7916-d8-5jzn-1g662019-05-09T15:16:08ZDesign and development of optical reflectance spectroscopy and optical coherence tomography catheters for myocardial tissue characterizationSingh-Moon, Rajinder2019ThesesElectrical engineeringBiomedical engineeringMedical technologyOptical coherence tomographyReflectance spectroscopyCathetersCatheter ablation therapy attempts to restore sinus rhythm in arrhythmia patients by producing site-specific tissue modification along regions which cause abnormal electrical activity. This treatment, though widely used, often requires repeat procedures to observe long-term therapeutic benefits. This limitation is driven in part by challenges faced by conventional schemes in validating lesion adequacy at the time of the procedure. Optical techniques are well-suited for the interrogation and characterization of biological tissues. In particular, optical coherence tomography (OCT) relies on coherence gating of singly-scattered light to enable high-resolution structural imaging for tissue diagnostics and procedural guidance. Alternatively, optical reflectance spectroscopy (ORS) is a point measurement technique which makes use of incoherent, multiply-scattered light to probe tissue volumes and derive important data from its optical signature. ORS relies on the fact that light-tissue interactions are regulated by absorption and scattering, which directly relate to the intrinsic tissue biochemistry and cellular organization. In this thesis, we explore the integration of these modalities into ablation catheters for obtaining procedural metrics which could be utilized to guide catheter ablation therapy. We first present the development of an accelerated computational light transport model and its application for guiding ORS catheter design. A custom ORS-integrated ablation catheter is then implemented and tested within porcine specimens in vitro. A model is proposed for real-time estimation of lesion size based on changes in spectral morphology acquired during ablation. We then fabricated custom integrated OCT M-mode RF catheters and present a model for detecting contact status based on deep convolutional neural networks trained on endomyocardial images. Additionally, we demonstrate for the first time, tracking of RF-induced lesion formation employing OCT Doppler micro-velocimetry; this response is shown to be commensurate with the degree of treatment. We further demonstrate for the first time spectroscopic tracking of kinetics related to the heme oxidation cascade during thermal treatment, which are linked to tissue denaturation. The pairing of these modalities into a single RF catheter was also validated for guiding lesion delivery in vitro and within live pigs. Finally, we conclude with a proof-of-concept demonstration of ORS as a mapping tool to guide epicardial ablation in human donor hearts. These results showcase the vast potential of ORS and OCT empowered RF catheters for aiding intraprocedural guidance of catheter ablation procedures which could be utilized alongside current practices.Englishhttps://doi.org/10.7916/d8-5jzn-1g66
collection NDLTD
language English
sources NDLTD
topic Electrical engineering
Biomedical engineering
Medical technology
Optical coherence tomography
Reflectance spectroscopy
Catheters
spellingShingle Electrical engineering
Biomedical engineering
Medical technology
Optical coherence tomography
Reflectance spectroscopy
Catheters
Singh-Moon, Rajinder
Design and development of optical reflectance spectroscopy and optical coherence tomography catheters for myocardial tissue characterization
description Catheter ablation therapy attempts to restore sinus rhythm in arrhythmia patients by producing site-specific tissue modification along regions which cause abnormal electrical activity. This treatment, though widely used, often requires repeat procedures to observe long-term therapeutic benefits. This limitation is driven in part by challenges faced by conventional schemes in validating lesion adequacy at the time of the procedure. Optical techniques are well-suited for the interrogation and characterization of biological tissues. In particular, optical coherence tomography (OCT) relies on coherence gating of singly-scattered light to enable high-resolution structural imaging for tissue diagnostics and procedural guidance. Alternatively, optical reflectance spectroscopy (ORS) is a point measurement technique which makes use of incoherent, multiply-scattered light to probe tissue volumes and derive important data from its optical signature. ORS relies on the fact that light-tissue interactions are regulated by absorption and scattering, which directly relate to the intrinsic tissue biochemistry and cellular organization. In this thesis, we explore the integration of these modalities into ablation catheters for obtaining procedural metrics which could be utilized to guide catheter ablation therapy. We first present the development of an accelerated computational light transport model and its application for guiding ORS catheter design. A custom ORS-integrated ablation catheter is then implemented and tested within porcine specimens in vitro. A model is proposed for real-time estimation of lesion size based on changes in spectral morphology acquired during ablation. We then fabricated custom integrated OCT M-mode RF catheters and present a model for detecting contact status based on deep convolutional neural networks trained on endomyocardial images. Additionally, we demonstrate for the first time, tracking of RF-induced lesion formation employing OCT Doppler micro-velocimetry; this response is shown to be commensurate with the degree of treatment. We further demonstrate for the first time spectroscopic tracking of kinetics related to the heme oxidation cascade during thermal treatment, which are linked to tissue denaturation. The pairing of these modalities into a single RF catheter was also validated for guiding lesion delivery in vitro and within live pigs. Finally, we conclude with a proof-of-concept demonstration of ORS as a mapping tool to guide epicardial ablation in human donor hearts. These results showcase the vast potential of ORS and OCT empowered RF catheters for aiding intraprocedural guidance of catheter ablation procedures which could be utilized alongside current practices.
author Singh-Moon, Rajinder
author_facet Singh-Moon, Rajinder
author_sort Singh-Moon, Rajinder
title Design and development of optical reflectance spectroscopy and optical coherence tomography catheters for myocardial tissue characterization
title_short Design and development of optical reflectance spectroscopy and optical coherence tomography catheters for myocardial tissue characterization
title_full Design and development of optical reflectance spectroscopy and optical coherence tomography catheters for myocardial tissue characterization
title_fullStr Design and development of optical reflectance spectroscopy and optical coherence tomography catheters for myocardial tissue characterization
title_full_unstemmed Design and development of optical reflectance spectroscopy and optical coherence tomography catheters for myocardial tissue characterization
title_sort design and development of optical reflectance spectroscopy and optical coherence tomography catheters for myocardial tissue characterization
publishDate 2019
url https://doi.org/10.7916/d8-5jzn-1g66
work_keys_str_mv AT singhmoonrajinder designanddevelopmentofopticalreflectancespectroscopyandopticalcoherencetomographycathetersformyocardialtissuecharacterization
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