| Summary: | Lung cancer is considered one of the deadliest cancers worldwide, with a five-year survival rate of under 20% [8]. There are three different categories of NSCLC tumors: adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and large cell carcinoma. The most common of the tumor types is adenocarcinoma [13]. Different cell types that make up the tumor microenvironment contribute to the treatment response and prognosis of the disease. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) have been shown to be increased in cancer patients compared to healthy individuals. These cells are immunosuppressive and there is evidence that MDSCs play a role in drug resistance, tumor metastases, and suppression of immune cells in cancer [3]. Antigen presenting cells (APCs) are immune cells that present antigens to B cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells. Tumors can become resistant to immunotherapy by evading T cells through modulating antigen presentation by surface MHC (major histocompatibility complex) [7]. APCs use MHC to present antigens and interact with T cells. This interaction influences T cell activation and differentiation [4]. Characterizing differences in MDSCs and APCs between normal lung samples and NSCLC samples may be helpful in identifying mechanisms of tumor progression and treatment resistance. Multiplex IHC (immunohistochemistry) is a useful technique for the identification of MDSCs and APCs and it allows for the visualization of spatial relationships between these cell types and the tumor cells.
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