| Summary: | Carbon steel finds much application for use in industries including civil; manufacturing; oil and gas; as well as, renewable energy. Common examples for usage of steel include water pipelines; oil pipelines; bridges; etc. The main advantages of steel over other engineering materials are its strength and affordability. However, steel undergoes corrosion which is a degradation mechanism that occurs as a result of the electrochemical interaction between steel and its environment. There are two main options to control corrosion, aside from material selection techniques, namely, the use of protective coating systems to isolate the steel from the environment; or the use of cathodic protection. Cathodic protection involves the use of galvanic anodes or impressed current system to prevent steel corrosion. Currently the oil and gas industry accounts for the major share of consumption of galvanic anodes for the protection of steel in engineering applications. Recent incursions into deep water depths by the Oil and Gas industry in the last decade or so has brought to the fore the need to understand better the performance of steel at deep and ultra deep water depths; as well as to develop an understanding of how cathodic protection works at these water depths. So far, the bulk of industry experience lies in shallow waters and current international cathodic protection design guidelines are based on data collated at these shallow water depths. It is the objective of this research work to assess the corrosion properties of steel with deep seawater parameters and determine design current density requirements for effective cathodic protection of steel at deep and ultra deep water depths offshore.
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