Tissue-resident macrophages can contain replication-competent virus in antiretroviral-naive, SIV-infected Asian macaques

• Main Authors: DiNapoli, Sarah R., Ortiz, Alexandra M., Wu, Fan, Matsuda, Kenta, Twigg, Homer L., Hirsch, Vanessa M., Knox, Kenneth, Brenchley, Jason M.
• Other Authors: Univ Arizona, Dept Med
• Language: en
• Published: AMER SOC CLINICAL INVESTIGATION INC 2017
• Online Access: http://hdl.handle.net/10150/623383; http://arizona.openrepository.com/arizona/handle/10150/623383

SIV DNA can be detected in lymphoid tissue-resident macrophages of chronically SIV-infected Asian macaques. These macrophages also contain evidence of recently phagocytosed SIV-infected CD4(+) T cells. Here, we examine whether these macrophages contain replication-competent virus, whether viral DNA can be detected in tissue-resident macrophages from antiretroviral (ARV) therapy-treated animals and humans, and how the viral sequences amplified from macrophages and contemporaneous CD4(+) T cells compare. In ARV-naive animals, we find that lymphoid tissue-resident macrophages contain replication-competent virus if they also contain viral DNA in ARV-naive Asian macaques. The genetic sequence of the virus within these macrophages is similar to those within CD4(+) T cells from the same anatomic sites. In ARV-treated animals, we find that viral DNA can be amplified from lymphoid tissue-resident macrophages of SIV-infected Asian macaques that were treated with ARVs for at least 5 months, but we could not detect replicationcompetent virus from macrophages of animals treated with ARVs. Finally, we could not detect viral DNA in alveolar macrophages from HIV-infected individuals who received ARVs for 3 years and had undetectable viral loads. These data demonstrate that macrophages can contain replicationcompetent virus, but may not represent a significant reservoir for HIV in vivo.