Water Quality of Runoff from Surface Mined Lands in Northern Arizona

• Main Authors: Kempf, J., Leonhart, L., Fogel, M., Duckstein, L.
• Other Authors: Department of Systems and Industrial Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson
• Language: en_US
• Published: Arizona-Nevada Academy of Science 1978
• Subjects: Hydrology > Arizona.; Water resources development > Arizona.; Hydrology > Southwestern states.; Water resources development > Southwestern states.; Water quality; Runoff; Ponds; Coal mines; Environmental effects; Strip mine wastes; Water pollution sources; Surface runoff; Mine water; Pollutant identification; Salinity; Heavy metals; Fluorides; Sodium; Land reclamation; Planning; Watershed management; Computer models; Systems analysis; Model studies; Arizona; Black Mesa
• Online Access: http://hdl.handle.net/10150/301142

From the Proceedings of the 1978 Meetings of the Arizona Section - American Water Resources Assn. and the Hydrology Section - Arizona Academy of Science - April 14-15, 1978, Flagstaff, Arizona === Surface mining of coal in the western U.S. can cause problems of increased salinity and heavy metal contamination in runoff along with a lack of enough rainfall to sustain plant growth for reclamation. To facilitate the planning of reclamation efforts in such areas results are described of a water quality sampling experiment on the ponds and runoff at the University of Arizona Experimental Watershed on Black Mesa in northern Arizona. A systems theoretic framework is employed to model the watershed and the results of a computer simulation based on this model is used to indicate that salinity buildup could be expected over time, given a minimal change in watershed configuration, with possible development of fluoride contamination being of particular concern. Water quality tests of the pond water and runoff on Black Mesa indicated that the water is within Federal standards for drinking and irrigation, except for sodium and fluoride. It is suggested that if it is economically desirable, the collection of more data on the ponds could be used to develop a simulation model of pond subsystems along the lines of the methodology outlined in this analysis.