| Summary: | Birds have co-inhabited American cities since the colonial era, and as people have
noticed and appreciated them, they have taken steps to make cities even more hospitable
for them. This dissertation documents the history of birds in cities and efforts to create
more bird-friendly urban areas. The examination starts with the commercial core of
modern cities, moving outwards through the residential and industrial zones, taking note
of parks and other urban oases as well as the transportation and communications
networks that help shape and define American cities. Bird conservation activities in
scattered cities across the country make each of these urban zones better for birds. The
future of birds in American cities depends on how these zones are managed, and the
ability of local governments, nonprofits, corporations, and bird enthusiasts working
together to protect birds from hazards and provide additional habitat opportunities within
the city. === text
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