Gender Differences In Alcohol Expectancies: Influence Of Context And Specificity Of Items

Studies of alcohol expectancies have been equivocal regarding the existence of gender differences. A review of past studies suggested variables that could be useful for future studies such as investigating context-specific expectancies. The current study was designed to investigate the influence of...

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Main Author: Weinberger, Andrea Hope
Format: Others
Published: Scholar Commons 2003
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Online Access:https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/1296
https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2295&context=etd
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spelling ndltd-USF-oai-scholarcommons.usf.edu-etd-22952019-10-04T05:25:40Z Gender Differences In Alcohol Expectancies: Influence Of Context And Specificity Of Items Weinberger, Andrea Hope Studies of alcohol expectancies have been equivocal regarding the existence of gender differences. A review of past studies suggested variables that could be useful for future studies such as investigating context-specific expectancies. The current study was designed to investigate the influence of context and item content on gender differences in expectancies. Undergraduate students who reported going to bars once a month or more (N = 321) completed an expectancy measure either while imagining themselves in a bar situation (Context condition) or with no contextual instructions (No Context condition). The expectancy measure consisted of expectancies that were "general" (Social and Tension Reduction expectancies) and those developed to be more "specific" to a bar context (Sexual Activity and Attention expectancies). It was expected that context and gender would interact so that gender differences would occur only for the endorsement of "specific" expectancies when context was specified; however, the gender x condition interaction was not significant for any type of expectancy and there were few main effects for condition. Main effects for gender were found partially following the hypothesized pattern. Men were more likely to endorse Sexual Activity expectancies, as expected, but women were not more likely to endorse Attention expectancies. Also as expected, men and women equally endorsed Social expectancies; however, women endorsed Tension Reduction expectancies more strongly than, not equally to, men. Additional gender differences were found for the evaluation of expectancies and when defining ambiguous expectancy terms ("hook up" and "sexual attention"). The findings of this study offer some evidence that the relationship between expectancies and context of drinking and the interpretation of items may be useful areas for continued research. There was also some suggestion that men and women endorse, evaluate, and interpret sexually related expectancies differently. It may be useful to further examine whether these different responses relate to differences in sexual behavior, sexual vocabulary, or the ways that men and women respond to sexually related items on questionnaires. Information on the ways that men and women endorse and evaluate expectancy items could be incorporated into prevention or intervention efforts to make them more successful. 2003-10-03T07:00:00Z text application/pdf https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/1296 https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2295&context=etd default Graduate Theses and Dissertations Scholar Commons bars drinking college cognitions evaluation
collection NDLTD
format Others
sources NDLTD
topic bars
drinking
college
cognitions
evaluation
spellingShingle bars
drinking
college
cognitions
evaluation
Weinberger, Andrea Hope
Gender Differences In Alcohol Expectancies: Influence Of Context And Specificity Of Items
description Studies of alcohol expectancies have been equivocal regarding the existence of gender differences. A review of past studies suggested variables that could be useful for future studies such as investigating context-specific expectancies. The current study was designed to investigate the influence of context and item content on gender differences in expectancies. Undergraduate students who reported going to bars once a month or more (N = 321) completed an expectancy measure either while imagining themselves in a bar situation (Context condition) or with no contextual instructions (No Context condition). The expectancy measure consisted of expectancies that were "general" (Social and Tension Reduction expectancies) and those developed to be more "specific" to a bar context (Sexual Activity and Attention expectancies). It was expected that context and gender would interact so that gender differences would occur only for the endorsement of "specific" expectancies when context was specified; however, the gender x condition interaction was not significant for any type of expectancy and there were few main effects for condition. Main effects for gender were found partially following the hypothesized pattern. Men were more likely to endorse Sexual Activity expectancies, as expected, but women were not more likely to endorse Attention expectancies. Also as expected, men and women equally endorsed Social expectancies; however, women endorsed Tension Reduction expectancies more strongly than, not equally to, men. Additional gender differences were found for the evaluation of expectancies and when defining ambiguous expectancy terms ("hook up" and "sexual attention"). The findings of this study offer some evidence that the relationship between expectancies and context of drinking and the interpretation of items may be useful areas for continued research. There was also some suggestion that men and women endorse, evaluate, and interpret sexually related expectancies differently. It may be useful to further examine whether these different responses relate to differences in sexual behavior, sexual vocabulary, or the ways that men and women respond to sexually related items on questionnaires. Information on the ways that men and women endorse and evaluate expectancy items could be incorporated into prevention or intervention efforts to make them more successful.
author Weinberger, Andrea Hope
author_facet Weinberger, Andrea Hope
author_sort Weinberger, Andrea Hope
title Gender Differences In Alcohol Expectancies: Influence Of Context And Specificity Of Items
title_short Gender Differences In Alcohol Expectancies: Influence Of Context And Specificity Of Items
title_full Gender Differences In Alcohol Expectancies: Influence Of Context And Specificity Of Items
title_fullStr Gender Differences In Alcohol Expectancies: Influence Of Context And Specificity Of Items
title_full_unstemmed Gender Differences In Alcohol Expectancies: Influence Of Context And Specificity Of Items
title_sort gender differences in alcohol expectancies: influence of context and specificity of items
publisher Scholar Commons
publishDate 2003
url https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/1296
https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2295&context=etd
work_keys_str_mv AT weinbergerandreahope genderdifferencesinalcoholexpectanciesinfluenceofcontextandspecificityofitems
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