Det stigmatiserade missbruket : En litteraturstudie om vårdpersonals attityder till och erfarenhet av missbrukare

• Main Authors: Färdig, Tom, Sundesten, Johanna
• Format: Others
• Language: Swedish
• Published: Umeå universitet, Institutionen för omvårdnad 2017
• Subjects: Substance use disorder; attitudes; healthcare personnel; experience; Substansbruksyndrom; Attityder; sjukvårdspersonal; erfarenheter; Nursing; Omvårdnad
• Online Access: http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-132726

Bakgrund: Patienter med substansbruksyndrom ökar i vården och därmed sjukvårdspersonalens kontakt med denna patientgrupp. Sjukvårdpersonal har ansvar för att ge vård till patienter på lika villkor samt ha ett gott bemötande.  Sjukvårdpersonalens attityder inverkar på patientens upplevelse av bemötande och vårdkvaliteten vilket i sin tur påverkar deras tillit till sjukvården.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Syfte: Syftet med studien var att undersöka vårdpersonals erfarenheter av att vårda samt attityder till patienter med substansbruksyndrom på avdelningar där inte endast missbruksvård bedrivs. Metod: En litteraturstudie genomfördes och inkluderade 10 artiklar med kvalitativ ansats. Dessa har granskats, analyserats och sammanställts med hjälp en integrativ litteraturöversikt. Sökningarna utfördes i databaserna Cinahl, PsychInfo och Pubmed. Resultat: Tre huvudkategorier och sju subkategorier identifierades. De tre huvudkategorierna innefattade: Synen på och erfarenheter av patienter med missbruksproblematik, Synen på att vårda patienter med missbruk, och Synen på uppkomst och ansvar över missbruk.  Slutsats: Vårdpersonals attityder till patienter med missbruk varierar, dock visar studien på att det förekommer negativa attityder till dessa patienter. Det resulterar i att vården ofta blir mer uppgiftsorienterad och mindre individorienterad. Litteraturstudien visar även att vårdpersonal med erfarenhet och utbildning inom missbruk generellt har en mer positiv attityd till patienter med missbruksproblematik. Det tyder på att det behövs mer utbildning av vårdpersonal för att negativa attityder gentemot patienter med missbruksproblematik ska undvikas. === Background:The number of patients with substance use disorder are increasing within the healthcare system, therefore is also the contact between this patient group and the healthcare personnel becoming more frequent. It is the healthcare personnel’s responsibility to give equal care to all patients, including a respectful treatment. The attitude of the healthcare personnel will influence the patient’s experiences of how they are approached and the quality of the care they receive, which in turn affects the patients trust in the healthcare system.  Aim:The Aim of this study was to explore healthcare personnel’s experience of caring for patients with substance use disorder and their attitudes towards this patient group, in non-specialist settings.  Method:A literature study was conducted including 10 articles with a qualitative approach. These articles have been reviewed, analysed and compiled with help of an integrative literature review. Database searches have been executed in Cinahl, PsychInfo and Pubmed. Result:Three major categories and seven subcategories were identified. The three major categories included: The view and experiences of patients with substance misuse, The view on care for patients with substance misuse, and The view on responsibility and origin of misuse. Conclusion:Attitude towards patients with substance use disorder varies among healthcare personnel, however this study indicates that the attitudes are predominantly negative. This results in a care that are often more task oriented, and less orientated toward the individual. Furthermore, the literature study also demonstrates that more educated and experienced healthcare personnel usually express a more positive attitude toward this group of patients. This indicates that there is a need to educate healthcare personnel to avoid negative attitudes towards patients with substance use disorder.