| Summary: | The method framework for quantifying the carbon emissions and removals from land, plants and products for cotton is developed in this study, which is feasible for most cotton supply chains. Collected defaults and suggested sources for required data inputs are provided. Current data gaps are defined, including the knowledge gap found in the storage time of cotton in the product pool, which requires further investigation in the future. Based on the quantification results of IKEA's case in 2019, there is a net 2.9 kg carbon stock increase per kg purchased cotton on average, equivalently offsetting 10.2% of global warming potential caused by cotton lint production emissions. Analysis results indicate that land-based carbon removals can be a cost-effective approach to achieve climate mitigation for cotton corporations. The amount of removed carbon can be greatly improved by avoiding emissions from land use change, adopting a higher level of conservation tillage to improve mineral soil carbon sequestration, and increasing carbon storage time in products to enlarge the climate benefit of cotton products carbon removals. Based on case study results, the carbon removals potential of global cotton production is estimated to be 5.4 Mt CO2-eq in 2019 and projected to reach 6.2 Mt CO2-eq in2029, which can mitigate over 0.01% of the GWP caused by the total worldwide anthropogenic emissions. Though this climate mitigation is relatively small, it breaks out the general cognition of agriculture carbon removals and provides us preliminary insight into cotton carbon sequestration capability and its potential.
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