Counting Class Numbers

The following thesis contains an extensive account of the theory of class groups. First the form class group is introduced through equivalence classes of certain integral binary quadratic forms with a given discriminant. The sets of classes is then turned into a group through an operation referred t...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Author: Magnusson, Tobias
Format: Others
Language:English
Published: KTH, Matematik (Avd.) 2018
Subjects:
Online Access:http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-223643
Description
Summary:The following thesis contains an extensive account of the theory of class groups. First the form class group is introduced through equivalence classes of certain integral binary quadratic forms with a given discriminant. The sets of classes is then turned into a group through an operation referred to as "composition''. Then the ideal class group is introduced through classes of fractional ideals in the ring of integers of quadratic fields with a given discriminant. It is then shown that for negative fundamental discriminants, the ideal class group and form class group are isomorphic. Some concrete computations are then done, after which some of the most central conjectures concerning the average behaviour of class groups with discriminant less than $X$ -- the Cohen-Lenstra heuristics -- are stated and motivated. The thesis ends with a sketch of a proof by Bob Hough of a strong result related to a special case of the Cohen-Lenstra heuristics. === Följande mastersuppsats innehåller en utförlig redogörelse av klassgruppsteori. Först introduceras formklassgruppen genom ekvivalensklasser av en typ av binära kvadratiska former med heltalskoefficienter och en given diskriminant. Mängden av klasser görs sedan till en grupp genom en operation som kallas "komposition''. Därefter introduceras idealklassgruppen genom klasser av kvotideal i heltalsringen till kvadratiska talkroppar med given diskriminant. Det visas sedan att formklassgruppen och idealklassgruppen är isomorfa för negativa fundamentala diskriminanter. Några konkreta beräkningar görs sedan, efter vilka en av de mest centrala förmodandena gällande det genomsnittliga beteendet av klassgrupper med diskriminant mindre än $X$ -- Cohen-Lenstra heuristiken -- formuleras och motiveras. Uppsatsen avslutas med en skiss av ett bevis av Bob Hough av ett starkt resultat relaterat till ett specialfall av Cohen-Lenstra heuristiken.