Soldrivna kylsystem for komfort : For- och nackdelar samt en investeringskostnadsanalys

• Main Author: Jaeger, Joakim
• Format: Others
• Language: Swedish
• Published: KTH, Energiteknik 2016
• Online Access: http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-190836

There are plenty of aspects to take into account when investing in a cooling system of which investment cost may be the most important one. The investment cost is dependent of a lot of variables such as the choice of solar collector, the type of cooling aggregate as well as the cost of the aggregate space and available space for the solar collectors. The purpose of this thesis is to give a first insight into the different cooling methods that can be used to produce comfort cooling and to help lay the ground for further research. The advantages and disadvantages are presented for the following five cooling methods: a system based on absorption, on adsorption, on a desiccant, on an ejector pump and finally on a compressor. Furthermore, are investment cost data presented for the following three cooling methods: a system based on absorption, on adsorption and finally on a compressor. The data has been collected both through a literature study and by direct contact with suppliers of cooling systems and solar collectors. It is impossible to say that one method is better than the other. All the different methods have their own advantages and disadvantages. For an installation in the center of Stockholm, where the floor space price is high, a system with small size per effect cooling is beneficial, such as a compressor driven cooling aggregate. If the floor space price does not inflict the decision, a system based on absorption could be a good alternative. Adsorption chillers do not work well together with low temperatures and do therefore not suit the Nordic climate where the aggregates can take damage at night. An adsorption chiller aggregate is, however, more effective than an absorption based system and can be a good alternative in Southern Europe. In table 5 all advantages and disadvantages for each cooling method are presented. Comparing the investment cost of cooling systems based on either a compressor, adsorption or absorption, the adsorption based system is the most cost efficient one. The most cost efficient solar collectors for thermal driven cooling systems are vacuum tube solar collectors, regardless the system type. === Vid en nyinstallation eller en uppgradering utav en soldriven kylanlaggning ar det manga aspekter att ta hansyn till och en mycket viktig aspekt ar investeringskostnaden. Investeringskostnaden paverkas av manga olika parametrar, sa som kostnad for solfangare, kylanlaggning, installation, det utrymme som kylanlaggningen upptar men aven tillganglig area for solfangare. Syftet med denna rapport ar att ge en forsta inblick i de olika metoderna som finns for komfortkylning, samt ett underlag vid val av metoder for vidare undersokning. I denna rapport undersoks for och nackdelar for fem olika soldrivna kylmetoder. De ar baserade pa absorption, adsorption, kompressorer, torkning samt ejektorpumpar. Vidare undersoks investeringskostnaden hos system baserade pa adsorption, absorption samt kompressorer. Data som har anvants i denna rapport ar inhamtad genom en litteraturstudie samt genom kontakt med kylsystems- och solfangarsystemsleverantorer. Det gar inte att konstatera att en metod ar den generellt basta och forutsattningarna for varje enskild installation maste behandlas individuellt. Vid en installation i centrala Stockholm dar kostnaden for kvadratmeter takarea och kostnaden for anlaggningsutrymme ar hogt, passar ett kompressordrivet kylsystem med fotovoltsolceller bra, da det ar mindre utrymmeskravande per effekt an andra system. Om utrymmet inte ar en begransande faktor kan ett kylsystem baserat pa torkkylning eller absorption vara det basta. I Sverige fungerar en kylmetod baserad adsorption i manga fall daligt, da den ar kanslig for kalla temperaturer vilket infaller t.ex. nattetid. Vid en installation i Spanien dar utetemperaturen ar hog aven nattetid, kan ett system baserat pa adsorption vara ett bra alternativ. Alla for- och nackdelar med respektive system finns presenterade i tabell 5. Vid en jamforelse utav Investeringskostnaden hos ett system baserat pa adsorption, absorption samt kompressorer, ar systemet baserat pa adsorption det med lagst investeringskostnad. Oavsett termisk kylmetod ar vakuumtubssolfangare den typ utav solfangare med lagst investeringskostnad.