Experimental study of an intermittent ventilation system in high occupancy spaces

Spaces with high occupancy density like classrooms are challenging to ventilate and use a lot of energy to maintain comfort. Usually, a compromise is made between low energy use and good Indoor Environmental Quality (IEQ), of which poor IEQ has consequences for occupants’ health, productivity and co...

Full description

Bibliographic Details
Main Author: Kabanshi, Alan
Format: Doctoral Thesis
Language:English
Published: Högskolan i Gävle, Energisystem 2017
Subjects:
Online Access:http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-23754
http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:isbn:978-91-88145-11-6
http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:isbn:978-91-88145-12-3
id ndltd-UPSALLA1-oai-DiVA.org-hig-23754
record_format oai_dc
collection NDLTD
language English
format Doctoral Thesis
sources NDLTD
topic Intermittent airflow
Indoor air quality
Perceived air quality
Thermal sensation
thermal comfort
Air movement acceptability
Convective cooling
Cooling effect.
Intermittent luftflöde
Luftstrålar
Upplevd luftkvalitet
Termisk komfort
Acceptans av luftrörelser
Konvektiv kylning
Kyleffekt.
Energy Systems
Energisystem
spellingShingle Intermittent airflow
Indoor air quality
Perceived air quality
Thermal sensation
thermal comfort
Air movement acceptability
Convective cooling
Cooling effect.
Intermittent luftflöde
Luftstrålar
Upplevd luftkvalitet
Termisk komfort
Acceptans av luftrörelser
Konvektiv kylning
Kyleffekt.
Energy Systems
Energisystem
Kabanshi, Alan
Experimental study of an intermittent ventilation system in high occupancy spaces
description Spaces with high occupancy density like classrooms are challenging to ventilate and use a lot of energy to maintain comfort. Usually, a compromise is made between low energy use and good Indoor Environmental Quality (IEQ), of which poor IEQ has consequences for occupants’ health, productivity and comfort. Alternative strategies that incorporate elevated air speeds can reduce cooling energy demand and provide occupant’s comfort and productivity at higher operative temperatures. A ventilation strategy, Intermittent Air Jet Strategy (IAJS), which optimizes controlled intermittent airflow and creates non-uniform airflow and non-isothermal conditions, critical for sedentary operations at elevated temperatures, is proposed herein. The primary aim of the work was to investigate the potential of IAJS as a ventilation system in high occupancy spaces. Ventilation parameters such as air distribution, thermal comfort and indoor air quality are evaluated and the system is compared with a traditional system, specifically, mixing ventilation (MV). A 3-part research process was used: (1) Technical (objective) evaluation of IAJS in-comparison to MV and displacement ventilation (DV) systems. (2) An occupant response study to IAJS. (3) Estimation of the cooling effect under IAJS and its implications on energy use. All studies were conducted in controlled chambers. The results show that while MV and DV creates steady airflow conditions, IAJS has  cyclic airflow profiles which results in a sinusoidal temperature profile around occupants. Air distribution capability of IAJS is similar to MV, both having a generic local air quality index in the occupied zone. On the other hand, the systems overall air change rate was higher than a MV. Thermal comfort results suggest that IAJS generates comfortable thermal climate at higher operative temperatures compared to MV. Occupant responses to IAJS show an improved thermal sensation, air quality perception and acceptability of indoor environment at higher temperatures as compared to MV. A comparative study to estimate the cooling effect of IAJS shows that upper HVAC setpoint can be increased from 2.3 – 4.5 oC for a neutral thermal sensation compared to a MV. This implies a substantial energy saving potential on the ventilation system. In general, IAJS showed a potential for use as a ventilation system in classrooms while promising energy savings.   === Lokaler där många människor vistas, som t.ex. klassrum, är ofta svåra att ventilera. Att upprätthålla en bra termisk komfort kräver en hög energianvändning. Vanligtvis blir det en kompromiss mellan låg energianvändning och bra kvalitet på inomhusmiljön (IEQ). Dålig IEQ får konsekvenser för människors hälsa, produktivitet och komfort. Alternativa ventilationsstrategier, som använder förhöjda lufthastigheter, kan minska kylbehovet och därmed energianvändningen. I denna avhandling utvärderas en ny ventilationsstrategi, Intermittenta luftstrålar (IAJS), där korta perioder med hög lufthastighet genererar en svalkande effekt, när rummets temperatur upplevs som för hög. Det primära syftet med arbetet var att undersöka potentialen hos IAJS som ett ventilationssystem för klassrum, där den termiska lasten ofta är hög. Strategin jämförs mot traditionella ventilationsprinciper som omblandande ventilation (MV) och deplacerande ventilation (DV). Parametrar som luftdistributionsindex, termisk komfort, luftkvalitet och energibesparing har utvärderats. Alla studier utfördes i klimatkammare. Resultaten visar att medan MV och DV skapar konstanta luftflödesförhållanden genererar IAJS cykliska hastighetsprofiler samt en sinusformad temperaturvariation i vistelsezonen. IAJS klarar att bibehålla ett bra termiskt klimat vid högre operativa temperaturer jämfört med MV. I en jämförelse med ett traditionellt HVAC-system visar beräkningar  att dess börvärde kan höjas från 2.3 till 4.5 °C med bibehållen termisk komfort. Detta indikerar en avsevärd energibesparingspotential vid användande av IAJS.
author Kabanshi, Alan
author_facet Kabanshi, Alan
author_sort Kabanshi, Alan
title Experimental study of an intermittent ventilation system in high occupancy spaces
title_short Experimental study of an intermittent ventilation system in high occupancy spaces
title_full Experimental study of an intermittent ventilation system in high occupancy spaces
title_fullStr Experimental study of an intermittent ventilation system in high occupancy spaces
title_full_unstemmed Experimental study of an intermittent ventilation system in high occupancy spaces
title_sort experimental study of an intermittent ventilation system in high occupancy spaces
publisher Högskolan i Gävle, Energisystem
publishDate 2017
url http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-23754
http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:isbn:978-91-88145-11-6
http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:isbn:978-91-88145-12-3
work_keys_str_mv AT kabanshialan experimentalstudyofanintermittentventilationsysteminhighoccupancyspaces
_version_ 1718444681864413184
spelling ndltd-UPSALLA1-oai-DiVA.org-hig-237542017-04-27T05:23:18ZExperimental study of an intermittent ventilation system in high occupancy spacesengKabanshi, AlanHögskolan i Gävle, EnergisystemGävle : Gävle University Press2017Intermittent airflowIndoor air qualityPerceived air qualityThermal sensationthermal comfortAir movement acceptabilityConvective coolingCooling effect.Intermittent luftflödeLuftstrålarUpplevd luftkvalitetTermisk komfortAcceptans av luftrörelserKonvektiv kylningKyleffekt.Energy SystemsEnergisystemSpaces with high occupancy density like classrooms are challenging to ventilate and use a lot of energy to maintain comfort. Usually, a compromise is made between low energy use and good Indoor Environmental Quality (IEQ), of which poor IEQ has consequences for occupants’ health, productivity and comfort. Alternative strategies that incorporate elevated air speeds can reduce cooling energy demand and provide occupant’s comfort and productivity at higher operative temperatures. A ventilation strategy, Intermittent Air Jet Strategy (IAJS), which optimizes controlled intermittent airflow and creates non-uniform airflow and non-isothermal conditions, critical for sedentary operations at elevated temperatures, is proposed herein. The primary aim of the work was to investigate the potential of IAJS as a ventilation system in high occupancy spaces. Ventilation parameters such as air distribution, thermal comfort and indoor air quality are evaluated and the system is compared with a traditional system, specifically, mixing ventilation (MV). A 3-part research process was used: (1) Technical (objective) evaluation of IAJS in-comparison to MV and displacement ventilation (DV) systems. (2) An occupant response study to IAJS. (3) Estimation of the cooling effect under IAJS and its implications on energy use. All studies were conducted in controlled chambers. The results show that while MV and DV creates steady airflow conditions, IAJS has  cyclic airflow profiles which results in a sinusoidal temperature profile around occupants. Air distribution capability of IAJS is similar to MV, both having a generic local air quality index in the occupied zone. On the other hand, the systems overall air change rate was higher than a MV. Thermal comfort results suggest that IAJS generates comfortable thermal climate at higher operative temperatures compared to MV. Occupant responses to IAJS show an improved thermal sensation, air quality perception and acceptability of indoor environment at higher temperatures as compared to MV. A comparative study to estimate the cooling effect of IAJS shows that upper HVAC setpoint can be increased from 2.3 – 4.5 oC for a neutral thermal sensation compared to a MV. This implies a substantial energy saving potential on the ventilation system. In general, IAJS showed a potential for use as a ventilation system in classrooms while promising energy savings.   Lokaler där många människor vistas, som t.ex. klassrum, är ofta svåra att ventilera. Att upprätthålla en bra termisk komfort kräver en hög energianvändning. Vanligtvis blir det en kompromiss mellan låg energianvändning och bra kvalitet på inomhusmiljön (IEQ). Dålig IEQ får konsekvenser för människors hälsa, produktivitet och komfort. Alternativa ventilationsstrategier, som använder förhöjda lufthastigheter, kan minska kylbehovet och därmed energianvändningen. I denna avhandling utvärderas en ny ventilationsstrategi, Intermittenta luftstrålar (IAJS), där korta perioder med hög lufthastighet genererar en svalkande effekt, när rummets temperatur upplevs som för hög. Det primära syftet med arbetet var att undersöka potentialen hos IAJS som ett ventilationssystem för klassrum, där den termiska lasten ofta är hög. Strategin jämförs mot traditionella ventilationsprinciper som omblandande ventilation (MV) och deplacerande ventilation (DV). Parametrar som luftdistributionsindex, termisk komfort, luftkvalitet och energibesparing har utvärderats. Alla studier utfördes i klimatkammare. Resultaten visar att medan MV och DV skapar konstanta luftflödesförhållanden genererar IAJS cykliska hastighetsprofiler samt en sinusformad temperaturvariation i vistelsezonen. IAJS klarar att bibehålla ett bra termiskt klimat vid högre operativa temperaturer jämfört med MV. I en jämförelse med ett traditionellt HVAC-system visar beräkningar  att dess börvärde kan höjas från 2.3 till 4.5 °C med bibehållen termisk komfort. Detta indikerar en avsevärd energibesparingspotential vid användande av IAJS. Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summaryinfo:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesistexthttp://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-23754urn:isbn:978-91-88145-11-6urn:isbn:978-91-88145-12-3Studies in the Research Profile Built Environment. Doctoral thesis ; 3application/pdfinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess