| Summary: | This study is the first contribution towards the development of ecosystem-based fisheries
management in northeastern Brazil, through the exploration of fishing policies based on a
trophic model. The following objectives were addressed: 1) analysis of the richness of
common names of Brazilian fishes; 2) reconstruction of time series of marine catches; 3)
modelling of trophic interactions off northeastern Brazil; and 4) assessment of fishing policies.
The analysis of common names indicated a high richness of names per species (average = 6)
and the use of the same common name for different species, with a negative impact on the
accuracy of catch statistics. The reconstruction of catch time series was based on landings
from national yearbooks, and from ICC AT and FAO's databases (1978-2000), allowing for the
detection of 'fishing down the food web' in northeastern Brazil. The trophic model estimated a
total biomass for this ecosystem of 222 tonnes km⁻² (excluding detritus), and indicated a low
degree of omnivory and the high importance of detritus. Simulations for 2001-2028 indicated
that current fishing effort is unsustainable for lobsters and swordfish; however, the model
inadequately described the dynamics of swordfish, tunas, and other large pelagics, which have
large distribution areas. The simulation of optimum fishing policies led to a diverse fleet when
ecosystem health was emphasized. If the main objective was economic or social (or a
combination of both and ecosystem health), manual collection of coastal resources, and
demersal industrial fisheries could be boosted, while the lobster and longline fisheries should
be phased out. A 50% reduction in effort for lobster fisheries would not produce significant
changes in lobster biomass; a reduction in effort to the 1978 level (f[sub MSY]) would lead to
biomass recovery. The instability of institutions responsible for fisheries management in Brazil has had a deleterious impact on the resources. This negative impact is expected to increase due
to the current split of responsibility between two institutions with diverse agendas. An
improvement in the collection system of catch statistics is recommended, which would
consider a standardized set of common names, as well as gathering information on biological,
economic, and social components of this ecosystem and its fisheries. === Science, Faculty of === Resources, Environment and Sustainability (IRES), Institute for === Graduate
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