| Summary: | 碩士 === 國立臺灣大學 === 政治學研究所 === 107 === For newly established democratic countries in Latin America after the third wave of democratization, the most vital issue is how to build up citizens’ trust of the government so that the government can achieve democratic consolidation and make the regime last for long time. In order to achieve this goal, the new government has to implement transitional justice, which is able to punish human rights abusers and compensate for victims and their families.
Although the country still need to face a dilemma between justice and peace while choosing transitional justice mechanisms, more and more countries are willing to take the mechanisms with higher accountability, such as judicial trials, after the appeal of international organizations and human rights non-governmental organizations. This situation has become a trend so called as justice cascade.
In order to understand the causal relationship between transitional justice and institutional trust, this thesis starts from reviewing the literatures related to transitional justice, institutional trust as well as the democratization in Latin America, which enable us to build a whole picture of this issue and establish two hypotheses based on these three topics. The first one is the citizens’ trust in judicial institutions will enhance after a new democratic government implementing judicial trials on human rights abusers. The second hypothesis is the citizens’ trust in political institutions will increase after the government executes multi transitional justice measures, which is also known as holistic approach, at the same time. In addition, this thesis also takes the previous regimes types as a moderator for testing the moderating effect caused by legacies of authoritarian regime.
After raising these two hypotheses, we collect the data from Latino barometer and Transitional Justice Research Collaborative during 1995 to 2010. By conducting the statistical tests with generalized ordinal logit model, we not only find that the implementation of judicial trials will enhance the citizens’ trust in judicial institutions but approve that the holistic approach won’t increase the citizens’ trust in political institutions. Besides, we also find the authoritarian legacies will affect citizens’ institutional trust. In the end, we hope this thesis can make some contributions in academic field and bring positive impact for the policies of the transitional justice made by Taiwanese government.
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