The Rise and Development of Extreme Right Parties in Europe after 1980 :A Case Study of the National Front in France

• Main Authors: JEONG, JONATHAN, 鄭勝昆
• Other Authors: LUO, CHIH-MEI
• Format: Others
• Language: zh-TW
• Published: 2018
• Online Access: http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/7788cp

碩士 === 國立臺北大學 === 公共行政暨政策學系 === 107 === In the 1980s, European countries suffered from economic recession, high unemployment rate and the influx of immigrants. The mainstream parties lacked the ability and policy to solve problems. Therefore, the far-right parties in France, Germany, Belgium, the Netherlands, Austria, etc. were originally from the marginal status has jumped into an influential political party, and some political parties have even become a member of the government coalition. The 2008 global financial crisis and the European debt crisis have made the far-right political parties start to incite counter-political institutions and anti-elite slogans and actions. In view of the rise of far-right political parties, many scholars believe that it is mainly related to the changes in European political economic and social environment since the 1980s. The shadow of the European debt crisis has not been completely eliminated, and the refugee crisis and terrorist threat have caused the social and economic problems in European countries. In the end, it has fueled the dissatisfaction and frustration of the voters. The far-right parties took the opportunity to use the populist language to incite the voters' emotions and get the votes. In contrast, some traditional mainstream parties in Europe, whether they are left or right. Political views have gradually become assimilated, because they are unable to resolve the crisis. The rise of the European far-right parties, especially the French National Front, has caused much discussion in the academic circles. However, since the establishment of the French National Front in 1972, it has experienced several presidential elections, local elections, changes in the National Assembly and the European Parliament elections and election system. And the changes in national identity, etc., the party’s performance in various elections fluctuated. How can the National Front move from marginal parties to mainstream politics in the course of political system changes and economic development over the past forty years? The influential party is the focus and interest of the author in writing this research. This study intends to take the development and changes of the National Front as an example, and to explain the rise and change of the European far-right parties with the demand side and supply side theory.