Zhang Zai's Concept of Tian Dao - -Centering on “San Liang Pian” in Zheng Meng

• Main Authors: CHIEN,CHIH-KUAN, 簡誌寬
• Other Authors: YUAN, GUANG-YI
• Format: Others
• Language: zh-TW
• Published: 2019
• Online Access: http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/kca56k

碩士 === 國立臺北大學 === 中國文學系 === 107 === Zheng Meng ”San Liang Pian” is a chapter in Zhang Zai’s interpretation of atmospheric and astronomical phenomena. Some theories included in this chapter have existed long before the Northern Song Dynasty, and it also included some Zhang Zai’s original ideas. However, the purpose of Zhang Zai was not to establish a system of astronomical knowledge, but to interpret the Confucian concept of Tian Dao through his observation of celestial movement. There are several interpretations of Zhang Zai's philosophy in the academia, such as Mou Zongsan's " Theory of Separation of Shen and Qi ", Tang Junyi's " Theory of Identity of Xu and Qi", Chen Lai's " Theory of Qi", Lin Lechang's "two-layer structure of cosmology" "...and so on. Through the objective review of astrology and the subjective interpretation of ”San Liang Pian”, this paper further explains the subtleties of these concepts meanwhile covering its shortages. This paper divides the first half of the ”San Liang Pian” into seven paragraphs. The first paragraph is about the interpretation of Shuo Gua "Heaven is there and earth is two". The second paragraph is about the description of the phenomenon of the seven retrograde planets and the celestial sphere. This statement is based on the expression of "Yin Qi go right, and Yang Qi go left". The third paragraph discusses the reasons behind the seven retrograde planets against the celestial sphere, then, the celestial model of "the sky does not move" is introduced. In the fourth paragraph, the phenomenon of "the height of the sun changes with the season" is interpreted on the basis of "the ground has a lift". The fifth paragraph explains the phenomenon between the sun and the moon, using the relationship between "yin and yang" and "quality". The sixth paragraph point up that the points out the focus of the article: Principle of Xing-Ming, which hides behind the yin-yang movement. Paragraph seven criticizes the Fu-Tian Calender influenced by Buddhism. This paper first commented on how Chinese astronomers’ in ”San Liang Pian” explained the astronomical phenomena, and then proposed its explanation of ”San Liang Pian” in an analytical fashion. This explores the Tian Dao concept deep buried in astronomy, thereby constructing a cosmology that belongs to Zhang Zai, providing its own perspective on Zhang Zai’s philosophy. Although the ”San Liang Pian” is not a monograph of astronomy, it interprets astronomical phenomena does have an impact on the history of science and technology in later generations. Therefore, while discussing Zhang Zaitan's Taoist concept, this paper also establishes Zhang Zai's contribution to the history of Chinese science and technology.