| Summary: | 碩士 === 國立中央大學 === 國際永續發展碩士在職專班 === 107 === The Port-au-Prince metropolitan area of Haiti has serious environmental sanitation issues due to the lack of proper municipal solid waste management system and the absence of any waste recovery or treatment and disposal facilities. In addition, the nation is also facing an energy crisis in the supply of energy resources. Today 75 percent of Haiti’s energy consumption is met by fuel wood and charcoal of which 80% are used in households especially for cooking, and the electrification rate is merely 38% of the people who have access to electricity. These situations will contribute to accelerate the degradation of the environment in Haiti.
Official studies revealed that 653 tons of municipal solid waste (MSW) are delivered daily into the open dumping site in Port-au-Prince, and it is believed that there still have hundreds of tons of refuse that are gone nowhere. This study found that the composition of MSW stream in Haiti has high biodegradable organic content by 73.8% by weight, and 73% by weight of moisture content. This research aims to estimate the amount of potential energy of MSW in the Port-au-Prince metropolitan area that can be recovered by using the most feasible and economical Waste-to-Energy (WtE) technology.
A Simple Multi-Attribute Rating Technique (SMART), which is used to figure out multiple attribute in the identified problems associated with a number of alternatives and discrete preference rating, was processed to assess three (3) WtE technologies: incineration, anaerobic digestion, and landfill gas to energy. The specified evaluation criteria are energy potential, environmental, economic, and social benefits. By using the SMART for supporting decision making, seven experts in the fields of environmental engineering and energy participated in refining the criteria and selecting the WtE technologies in their evaluation. The anaerobic digestion was given the highest preference, but only was a little bit higher than the technology “landfill gas to energy”. However, based on the consideration of economy and solid waste disposal, the final decision in this study selected the landfill gas to energy instead of anaerobic digestion for Port-au-Prince metropolitan area.
Through the estimation from the recovery of a landfill gas to energy system, approximately 223 million cubic meters of methane can be generated over 16 years in the landfill, which can generate about 585-millions kilowatt-hours of electricity. This energy can be sold to the power grid to increase to about 5% the access rate of electric power for residents of the Port-au-Prince metropolitan area in Haiti.
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