| Summary: | 博士 === 國立中央大學 === 客家語文暨社會科學學系 === 107 === In recent years, social enterprises (referred to as social enterprises) have received the attention of academic circles and practical circles. However, the discussion of social embeddedness perspectives can be described is still very few. This is the main research approach of this thesis. From the perspective of Hakka research, the embeddedness of the ethnic groups in Hakka village’s social enterprises should be deeper than other general social enterprises. The research question is set to: What is the difference between a Hakka village’s social enterprises and other general social enterprises? Is it better to highlight the qualities of Hakka society? What is the type and operation status of the Hakka village’s enterprises? In the Hakka village’s enterprises, how does the Hakka culture be embedded in the Hakka social enterprises’s network, thus shaping the important strategy of Hakka economic development? What is the difference between the economic development strategy of Taiwanese Hakka social enterprises and the economic development of general social enterprises? The theoretical basis of this research is mainly to explore the correlation between social enterprises, social embeddedness and ethnic identity. Does ethnic group identity play a key role?
This research adopts multiple research methods, including literature analysis, analytic hierarchy procedure, social network analysis, questionnaire survey and in-depth interview. Using the analysis hierarchy procedure questionnaire, social network questionnaire, social enterprise and social embeddedness relationship questionnaire and in-depth interview title to conduct "Social enterprises and social embeddedness: a strategic study of Taiwan Hakka's social and economic development". Respondents included 110 persons industry (social enterprises), officials, academics, media and non-profit organizations. (110 for the relationship questionnaire and 57 for the in-depth interview) .The former includes: 94 for social enterprises, 4 for official, 3 for academics experts, 1 for media person, and 8 for non-profit organizations; The latter includes: 20 social enterprises (42 people), 3 government units (4 people), 5 academic experts, 1 professional media person, and 5 non-profit organizations.
The study found: First of all, Hakka social enterprise refers to a social enterprise that has Hakka elements and is fully connected with the Hakka village. Secondly, Hakka social enterprises are usually mixed organizational types and embedded social enterprises. It also includes: work integration or active employment promotion, local community development, service provision and product sales, venture entrepreneurship, and social cooperatives. In addition, the operational orientation of social enterprises also has the following: traditional non-profit orientation, transformational orientation, transitional organizational orientation and traditional corporate orientation. Third, Taiwan’s Hakka society does have embeddedness, and structural embeddedness and political embeddedness are most prominent. Fourth, social enterprises, social embeddedness, and ethnic identity are highly correlated, and ethnic identity plays a critical role. Finally, the economic development strategy of Taiwan's Hakka social enterprises should be based on "promoting local characteristics" and "the needs of local residents."
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