| Summary: | 博士 === 國立政治大學 === 社會學系 === 107 === This thesis explores the changes in demographics, population dependency ratios and behaviors and outcomes in education and labor participatation, consumption experienced in the 1960 and 1990 generations from the perspective of generations and life course. The study found that from the point of view of life history, the experience of the life course of the 1960 generation and the 1990 generation is indeed quite different. The 1960 generation was born in a relatively high total fertility rate. The 1990 generation was born in a period of low total fertility. From the perspective of population dependence, the generations in 1960 faced population dependence when they were about 58 years old. The situation of continued upswing, the 1990 generation, faced this situation when it was about 28 years old.
As far as the resources obtained, with the expansion and investment of education, the 1990 generations are much higher than the education funds obtained in the 1960 generation. Not only did public sector education spending increase, but parents of the 1990 generation also increased their educational investment. The education level of the 1960 generations was mostly graduated from higher vocational colleges. The number of college graduates was quite rare. The 1990 gernration , more than 50% of the generations graduated frome colleges and universities, showing that the expansion of higher education actually improved the human capital of the younger generation.
In terms of labor participation, the male labor participation rate of the 1960 generation was close to 90% between the ages of 24 and 50. However, the labor participation rate of women was less than 60%. For the 1990 generation , the male and female labor participation rates were similar. After the age of 25, the participation of both sexes is nearly 90%. For the 1990 generation , when they were under 30, they had to face economic difficulties. Under the age of 30, the unemployment rate in the 1960 generation was very low, by contrast , the 1990 generations were higher than those in the 1960 generation , but for the 1960 generation, after the age of 40, the unemployment rate began to increase, causing problems of middle-aged unemployment.
If the amount of consumption and income represents the level of living, the national transfer account data is used to estimate the consumption and income of the two generations. From the perspective of income, each generation has increased compared with the income of the previous generation. One of the factors may be the higher labor participation rate of the youth generation as a whole. As far as consumption is concerned, it is also higher than that of the previous generation. Therefore, the income and consumption levels of the 1960 generation are lower than those of the 1990 generation . As for the age at which the income is insufficient to cover consumption, this part of the expenditure was transferred from the family. The difference between the consumption and income gap was small in 1981, but it was larger in 2015. Comparing the total population consumption and income of the two generations, we found that the parenting costs for the 1960 generation were lower than those of the 1990 generation.
We found that although the 1990 generation faced a less friendly economic environment as it entered the workplace, from other sources, the resources acquired by the 1990s have increased dramatically compared to the 1960 generation , representing the growth environment of the 1990 generation is superior to the 1960 generation.
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