| Summary: | 碩士 === 中央警察大學 === 消防科學研究所 === 107 === There are several major fires of nursing homes, long-term care facilities and elderly care facilities in Taiwan that have caused massive casualties and loss in recent years. Thus, many public opinions about fire safety of disabilities of nursing homes’ and elderly care facilities’ occupants have occurred, and motivate the government to strengthen the fire safety countermeasures and amend relevant regulations. The fire risk of limited human resources during the night-shift and multi-occupants wards evacuation which were observed from fire cases, led to the discussion of the ward partition connected to the floor, the space above the ceiling connected to each wards, the number of openings on the ceiling, different origin of fire in the ward, and the setting of sprinkler system. Therefore, the influence factors and multifaceted analysis modes observed from major fire cases in Taiwan through some research methods and theories were constructed in this study, such as T-square fire growth model, verification of evacuation time, assisted evacuation time, fire scenarios analysis of Fire Dynamics Simulator, space configuration survey of the nursing home case.
Besides, taking characteristics of evacuation behavior and the need for assisted evacuation summarized in the international literature as reference, this paper clarifies the tenability criteria for residents and first-responders of the nursing home in comparison with the verification parameter and data applied on people who are able to evacuate themselves, and finds the adaptability and difference between them. So that the results and analysis of evacuation safety performance criteria could be more closer to the status of fire scenarios and the safety needs of residents in nursing homes. Finally, compare the numerical simulation results of Fire Dynamics Simulator based on different construction space conditions with evacuation safety performance criteria of nursing homes to discuss the positive effects and potential negative interdependency of various parameters on fire safety in nursing homes.
The studies find that the parameters including the ceiling height of wards and corridors, the number of openings on the ceiling, the ward partition connected to the floor, and the open door of the wards, are important factors in cross-interaction. For the evacuation safety of residents and first-responders who are affected by fire smoke, the fire safety can not be ensured just by any one of the parameters above setting up. For example, the ward partition connected to the floor seems to confine the fire and smoke well, however, the ceiling height and the number of openings on the ceiling of wards, and the open doors during emergency response could probably cause the negative impacts including the descend of smoke layer height and the fast spread of smoke. In addition, different origin of fire in the ward would have the impact on the fire safety conditions during emergency response for first-responders, and the priority of fire extinguishment and evacuation assistance.
Comparing the time difference between ASET and RSET, it is found that the fire growth rate, limited human resources and pre-movement time of residents are significant fire risks. And also highlight the work of fire prevention and reduction, which are critical requirements of nursing home fire safety. By the scenario-based fire risk identification and communication, the emergency response capabilities of the first-responders have improved. To conclude, in order to enhance the total fire safety of nursing homes, the stakeholders’ goal of consensus is to combine building hardware facilities and equipment with effective responder arrangement and simplified emergency response works.
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