Incremental Potential of Ambient Particles Bound Size-fractional Chemical Compounds Caused by the Yanshuei Beehive Fireworks Festival of Bombarding Celebration in Southern Taiwan

• Main Authors: Boh-Shiun Lin, 林伯勳
• Other Authors: Ying-I Tsai
• Format: Others
• Language: zh-TW
• Published: 2019
• Online Access: http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/ggwxhf

碩士 === 嘉南藥理大學 === 環境工程與科學系 === 107 === Abstract This study investigated the incremental potential and the characteristic variation of chemical composition in the atmosphere during the pre-lantern festival (pre-LF), lantern festival (LF), and post-LF periods on the rooftop of Yanshuei Martial Temple (the Temple), where beehive fireworks were displayed, and at the rooftop of the Yanshuei Junior High School (the School), which was on the lee side of the display. Aerosol samples at both sites were collected at the same time for research. The aerosol compounds focused on in this study included inorganic species, carboxylates, sugar alcohols, anhydrosugars, and organic carbon. The aim of this study was to identify the aerosol chemical species and assess the particle size distribution during the beehive firework display in Yanshuei, southern Taiwan. During the research period, the mean concentrations of inorganic salts in PM2.5 for an entire day were SO42− > NO3− > NH4+ > K+ > Cl−, which was similar to that of the general city atmosphere in that the main components of aerosols were photochemical products. In the evening of the LF beehive firework display, high concentrations of K+ in PM2.5 were observed in the School and the Temple, 98.6 and 24.3 times higher than pre-LF, respectively. Likewise, concentrations of Cl− at the two locations were also detected to be 17.2 and 4.6 times as high as its pre-LF values, respectively. These discoveries indicated substantial increases in aerosol K+ and Cl− in PM2.5 at the school, which was located on the lee side of the display. Additionally, Ca2+, Mg2+, NO3−, and nss-SO42− (non-sea salt sulfate) in PM2.5 were all higher than in pre-LF. In the evening of LF, high concentrations of Sr2+, Ba2+, and toxic CrO42− were surprisingly detected, demonstrating that the LF firework display substantially increased the aforementioned general inorganic salt concentrations but also created special metallic salts. In the Yanshuei area, the primary species of carboxylates in PM2.5 and PM10 pre-LF, LF, and post-LF were all oxalate, lactate, and acetate. At the school, however, the maleate concentration in PM2.5 and PM10 increased from the average of 6.9 ± 2.6 ng/m3 and 9.8 ± 9.6 ng/m3 pre-LF to 404.8 ng/m3 and 934.6 ng/m3 during the LF, respectively. Although the wind was predominately blowing from the northeast during the LF, the temple upwind from the beehive firework display still exhibited an 88.7% and 41.7% increase in maleate concentration in PM2.5 and PM10, respectively. By contrast, the school, which was downwind from the display, exhibited an increase of nearly 58 times and 95 times the original maleate concentration, indicating that during the beehive activity, the burning of a large quantity of fireworks increased the amount of specific aerosol species in the environment. Additionally, indicator species of firework burning were detected, including Sr2+, Ba2+, toxic CrO42− and maleate. Levoglucosan, which is indicative of biomass burning, exhibited concentrations in PM2.5 and PM10 of 246.9 ng/m3 and 588.8 ng/m3 in LF, which were 16.0 and 12.9 times higher than their pre-LF values, respectively. During the LF, the levoglucosan concentration in PM2.5 and PM10 at the school was 2.39 and 2.56 times higher than that at the temple upwind, indicating that the composition of the beehive firework burned during the festival included biomaterial wrapping fiber and specific indicator species, the prevalence of which substantially increased during the LF. Moreover, the increases in aerosol mass concentration during the LF in both sites were primarily reflected in the particles ranging from 0.18 μm to 1.8 μm in size. In particular, the mass concentration of particles with a size of 0.54–1.0 μm increased to 6–7 times to its value pre-LF. The mass concentration of particles with a size of 0.54 μm at the school was 78.6% higher than at the temple upwind, which clearly indicated the influence of the beehive firework display. The particle distribution of Na+, Cl−, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+, and nss-SO42− in the aerosol was primarily increased in the submicron droplet mode (0.32–1.0 μm) and the micron droplet mode (1.0–2.5 μm). Different from the photochemical products nss-SO42− and oxalate, which had comprised substantial parts of pre-LF aerosol in the submicron droplet mode, levoglucosan, an indicator species of biomass burning, originally had a low concentration. However, the quantity of all of these three species increased during the LF in the submicron droplet mode with a size of 0.32–1.0 μm. This indicated that at this time, the increase in nss-SO42− and oxalate production was caused by submicron particles emitted during the beehive firework display. The concentration of levoglucosan in the range of 0.54–1.0 μm increased by nearly 13 fold and then gradually decreased to the pre-LF level after the festival. The major components in the post-LF aerosols were still primarily nss-SO42− and oxalate, indicating that during LF, the photochemical products in the atmosphere and the original products from beehive firework burning are both accumulated in the range of the submicron droplet mode. In addition, aerosols collected from the Yanshuei LF beehive firework display contained special metal salts Sr2+ and Ba2+, which primarily fell in the micron droplet mode and the submicron droplet mode in terms of particle size. Such species pose potential health threats to tourists and local residents who participated or viewed the beehive firework in close proximity. Keywords: Lantern festival, Yanshuei Junior High School, Yanshuei Temple, beehive firework, festival aerosol, inorganic salts, carboxylates, anhydrosugars, particle size distribution, incremental potential