The Eco-Efficiency Evaluation of Developed Countries and Developing Countries

• Main Authors: TO, HAN-PHON, 蘇章蓬
• Other Authors: Jau-Shin Hon
• Format: Others
• Language: zh-TW
• Published: 2017
• Online Access: http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/8935dm

碩士 === 東海大學 === 工業工程與經營資訊學系 === 106 === In this research, data envelopment analysis (DEA) was implemented to compare the efficiency of 10 subject countries from 2005 to 2014 and further categorize them into two clusters. Slack variable analysis was then used to figure out the main reason of their efficiency decline. Subsequently, sensitivity analysis was conducted to discuss the advantageous inputs and their impacts in both clusters. Finally, in order to take time interval into consideration, window analysis was performed to discuss countries’ efficiency condition and stability. The results are as follows: 1. For developing countries from 2005 to 2014, energy usage and CO2 emission have been increasing every year. On the contrary, energy usage and CO2 emission of developed countries have been decreasing gradually year by year. The main reason is that most firms in developed countries outsource to developing countries, resulting in the increase of energy consumption and waste. In other words, developing countries have been making a tradeoff between economic growth and environmental pollution. 2. The result of DEA indicates that developed countries have better efficiency than developing countries. However, in 2009, both clusters present a decline in their efficiency according to the financial tsunami. The decline also happened on their gross domestic production (GDP). After the decline, developed countries recovered sooner indicating their better control on energy and CO2 emission. On the contrary, developing countries had no sign of recovery, indicating poor performance on energy and CO2 emission control. 3. From the result of slack variable analysis, developing countries require improvements on several inputs according to their weights. The improvement order will be CO2 emission, energy usage, foreign investment, and domestic investment. Developing countries devote too much capital and energy but have less productivity. This results in their relatively low efficiency. Therefore they should improve production efficiency or speed up industrial structure transformation. As for developed countries, the improvement order is similar to developing countries, but the degree they have to improve is much less. 4. From the result of sensitivity analysis, according to the weights of advantages affecting efficiency, domestic investment impact developing countries the most, the second is foreign investment, the third is CO2 emission, the last is energy consumption. Domestic investment is the most important strength input, which has great impact on the efficiency. Energy consumption and CO2 emission are the weakness input for developing countries. The efficiency of developing countries rises significantly after eliminating these two items. Comparing to developed countries, energy consumption and CO2 emission have less impact on efficiency than the developing countries. 5. The result of window analysis shows that the efficiencies of both clusters have been declining. From the result of efficiency matrix, most of the developing countries (except Brazil) present low efficiency, and most of them (except China) are highly instable. By contrast, all developed countries are highly efficient and stable, indicating that they have better ability on resource use and allocation.