The Views about Heroes and Scholars in Han and Wei, Jing Dynasties

• Main Authors: WU, HUEIH-LING, 吳惠玲
• Other Authors: CHUANG, YAO-LONG
• Format: Others
• Language: zh-TW
• Published: 2018
• Online Access: http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/p4qab6

博士 === 世新大學 === 中國文學研究所 === 106 === The terms “hero” and “prominent scholar” first appeared in the literary documents in the Warring States period. Both terms evolved from “male,” the original meaning of “learned men” and both refer to distinguished people from two different identities. Then, the meanings and images of these two terms experienced several important transformations in history. Gradually, the terms stand for influential people who respectively have outstanding performances. Heroes pursue the establishment of dynasties, while scholars aspire after the state of meditative relaxation. Heroes and scholars prospered from the last years of Eastern Han to Wei and Jin dynasties. It is coincidental that the time is one of the most turmoil periods in Chinese history. Political conflicts accompanied civil wars; wars never stopped. Yet, heroes’ and scholars’ vitality in this period formed special images which are greatly admired by future generations. Never will the history shining with heroes and scholars be erased. Due to the overlapping time and space, delicate relationships existed between heroes and scholars. They promoted and resembled each other because of similar characteristics. However, they also hurt each other because of their different identities and interests and even conflicts in profits. Thus, heroes and scholars separated, united, and could not be clearly identified in history. Heroes and scholars were the personages with the most individualistic styles in Han and Wei, Jin dynasties. They were admired as role models. Heroes were praised for “true color”, while scholars were renown for “gallantry.” Time spirit, social customs and academic atmosphere made these two kinds of people, their separation and union. The emergence and transformation of the terms “heroes” and “scholars” also presented the message of mutual enhancement and overlapping images. Hence, this dissertation would like to trace both the originality and the meanings in history in order to delve into their original meanings and the cultural phenomena behind them. Then, the writer would take time and historical records as axes to induce the changes in contemporaries’ views about these two terms. The dissertation also tries to analyze personal characteristics and contemporary evaluation through historical documents, individualistic styles and changes of time. At last, through cautiously examining the close relationships between “heroes” and “scholars,” the author compares the similarities, differences and conflicts between them, demonstrates the distinctive features of their lives and the keys to their rich minds, and eventually presents the changes of the views about “heroes” and “scholars” in history.