A Review of the Active and Nutritional Components of Dioscorea spp.

• Main Authors: LIU,LU-JIA, 劉路加
• Other Authors: WANG, SUNG-YUAN
• Format: Others
• Language: zh-TW
• Published: 2018
• Online Access: http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/65j62x

碩士 === 實踐大學 === 食品營養與保健生技學系碩士班 === 106 === The tuber (Rhizoma) of Dioscorea in Dioscoreaceae have more than 600 species and it’s generally called yam. It is called chinese yam in China, and Dioscorea contains yam in important rhizome crops around the world. One of the few plants that have more than a dozen species. Some varieties can even be used as pharmaceutical preparations. For example, some yams grown in Mexico are used to produce hormones and steroid preparations. In China, yams are not only foods but also is a Chinese medicine. Not all yam species are suitable as meals in the world, such as wild species in Taiwan. Dioscorea bulbifera, which is easily confused with fleece-flower root, may have hepatotoxicity after long-term consumption, and Dioscorea hirsuta, which is grown in Africa, is also toxic. Asian yams grown in Taiwan, China and Japan are suitable for use as a meal. This paper discusses the growth environment and basic nutritive value (starch, protein, crude fiber, mineral, amino acid ratio) of various Taiwanese, Asian yam cultivars, and common yam cultivars, and various active ingredients such as allantoin. The saponin of dioscorea like (dioscin, diosgenin, etc.), and other components of quail, dioscorin, the main protein stored in yams. Types of estrogens like yams can regulate hormones and prevent osteoporosis, allantoin can promote wound healing, dioscin can inhibit cancer and protect the heart, antioxidation of dioscorein protein and other antioxidant active substances. It also explores the changes in the composition of yam's food processing applications (eg, drying treatment) and processing, and further the starch properties of the yam's root and kernel.