| Summary: | 碩士 === 國立臺灣大學 === 食品科技研究所 === 106 === Obesity is caused by an imbalance between long-term caloric intake and energy expenditure, and is highly correlated with various diseases such as type 2 diabetes, hypertension, coronary heart disease, and cancer, making it the fifth leading risk for global deaths. Therefore, how to prevent obesity has become a global health issue. Forskolin from Coleus forskohlii is a promoter of adenylate cyclase that promotes the breakdown of stored fats in fat cells, and may aid in weight loss. Garcinol is a polyprenylated benzophenone derivative obtained from Garcinia indica. Previous study has showed that garcinol can inhibit cell proliferation and adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 cells, and may have anti-obesity potential. In recent years, many studies have pointed out that the gut microbiota can affect the host''s absorption of nutrients and energy distribution, so the gut microbiota may play an important role in the pathogenesis of obesity and metabolic syndrome. Therefore, in this study, we want to investigate the anti-obesity effects of Coleus forskohlii extract (CFE), Garcinia indica extract (GIE), and a mixture of these two extracts in 3T3-L1 cell model and high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity animal model. In addition, we would like to find out whether these two extracts can improve obesity through the influence of intestinal flora or not. The results showed that CFE promotes the lipolysis of 3T3-L1 adipocytes, while GIE decreased triacylglyceride content of 3T3-L1 adipocytes. The results of the mixture group were similar to those of CFE and GIE alone. In animal experiments, CFE promoted lipolysis in C57BL/6 mice by activating cAMP-dependent pathway, while GIE decreased protein level of adipogenesis-related transcription factors PPARγ and C/EBPα, and both of which promote fatty acid β-oxidation can therefore suppress the weight gain of mice and reduce the weight of white adipose tissue. In addition, CFE and GIE also have the effect of lowering total cholesterol and triacylglyceride levels in the blood and improving fatty liver. The CFE group is the most effective on these aspects, and the effects of mixture are similar to the GIE group, indicating that the combination of CFE and GIE does not have synergistic effect on anti-obesity. In terms of gut microbiota, CFE and GIE could decrease Firmicutes /Bacteroidetes ratio, increase beneficial bacteria such as Ruminococcaceae, Bacteroides and Lactobacillus reuteri, and decrease harmful Desulfovibrio compared with HFD-treated group. Based on the above results, CFE has a better effect on reducing fat accumulation, improving hyperlipidemia and fatty liver, and it can also regulate the gut microbiota. As a result, CFE has the potential to be developed as anti-obesity therapeutic agent.
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