| Summary: | 博士 === 國立清華大學 === 歷史研究所 === 106 === Abstract
The academic word's discussion of the Anti-Japanese War (1937-1945) was concentrated in the political, military, economic, and diplomatic fields, forming a "top-down" view centered on "nationalism" for a long time. This kind of research perspective has long "placed" women and the public to the edge. In order to correct the male-led historical view, this thesis attempts to adopt gender theory and regard the family as an area for analyzing wartime gender relations, and to explore the emotions and daily life of Chinese families during the Anti-Japanese War. This research is based on the fact that daily life in the family is the most important gender process for shaping gender roles, and that the family is an important system and core unit for maintaining social stability.
This thesis uses a large number of autobiographical and memoirs, diaries, letters, oral materials and other private materials. One of the characteristics of these materials: the description of family life is highly concentrated in the relationship between husband and wife and parent-child relationship in nuclear families. The second type of materials is female journal. Many wartime women's journals have discussions about the role of mother and housewife. Comparing personal biographies, letters and diary data through publicly published journals highlights the differences between political propaganda and actual women's experience.
In the Chapter 2, I discuss the propaganda of women's journals during the Anti-Japanese War: how to shape "war mothers" and "wartime housewives." Through analysis and comparison of women's periodicals by various regions during the Anti-Japanese War, it shows how the roles of housewives and mothers in wartime are shaped, given expectations and meaning by the different political positions. But the ultimate goal of these journals is to mobilize women to war.
Chapter 3 tries to explore the daily life of housewives in wartime. By examining how women make a trivial and ordinary contribution in daily life through the traditional gender roles of mothers and wives during the Anti-Japanese War. It is the result of these inconspicuous domestic work that has stabilized the material foundation of the private sphere and supported the activities of men in the public domain.
Chapter 4 analyses the roles and emotions of the male "head of household" during the Anti-Japanese War. Through the role of husband and father, it is clearer that nuclear families are better suited to survive in war than extended families. At the same time, adult men become the head of the family, and they interact more closely and equally with their wives and children.
Chapter 5 explores the life experiences of war children. Using the biographer's writings on the childhood of war to analyze the psychological trauma and growth of wartime children. To observe the daily life and family ties of the general public under the Chinese war, as well as school life. The personal record of the childhood of war, in addition to being a family history, also provides the face of wartime local history, and promotes the development of small people in the big history.
The conclusion of this thesis points out that the Chinese family did undergo a change during the Anti-Japanese War and structurally turned to adapt to war life with nuclear families. In terms of family membership, the emotional description of a large number of couples and parent-child relationships shows that family members are closely related and value each other. From a personal level, the personal life history complements the sense of life that is lacking in the view of the national history and adds to the understanding of local history.
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