The Relationship between Body Composition, Physical Fitness and 40M Sprint of Track and Field Athletes in High School

• Main Authors: Chen, Chang-Yu, 陳昶豫
• Other Authors: Tsai,Jong-Chang
• Format: Others
• Language: zh-TW
• Published: 2018
• Online Access: http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/7rgvkj

碩士 === 國立彰化師範大學 === 運動學系 === 106 === This study aimed to investigate the correlations between the sprint speed and the physical and fitness factors of male adolescent track athletes. Speed determinants was found and will be applied to improve the sprint speed of the young athletes. 218 male track athletes of high school were recruited to join this study. Each was subjected to the measurements of height, body composition, sit-and-reach, countermovement jump(CMJ), medicine ball throwing(MBT), hexagon test(HT), visual reaction time(VT) and 40-m sprint time. The data obtained were described by IBM SPSS 20.0 statistical software for descriptive statistical analysis, independent sample T-test, Pearson product correlation analysis, and stepwise regression analysis, with statistical significance set atα=.0.05. The 40-m average second of the junior high athletes was 6.34±0.337 seconds, and that of the senior high school ones was 5.968±0.242 seconds. The T-test of the independent sample found there is a distinctive difference between the high school athletes in terms of age, MBT and 40-m interval seconds. The analysis of the results showed a significant correlation exists in the 8 items of junior high athletes: CMJ, age, hexagon agility test, MBT, height, body fat, sit-and-reach and VT; meanwhile, senior high athletes' 5 related items are CMJ, age, MBT, HT and VT. The stepwise regression analysis of the junior high athletes showed that CMJ, body fat, and MBT were the determinants of the 40-m sprint performance; its explanatory variance R2 is 50.7%, 1.9% and 2.6% respectively and the cumulative explanatory variation is 55.2%. For the determinants of 0-10 meters are selected CMJ and HT, 10-20 meters CMJ, body fat rate and age, 20-30 meters the CMJ and height, and 30-40 meters CMJ, body fat rate and height. As to that of the senior high athletes, CMJ and age are selected, and its explanatory variance R2 is 41.7-54.5% and 5.1-10.4% and the cumulative explanatory variation is 46.8-63.9%. According to the revealed data, we come to a conclusion that the explosive power of the legs and age are the determinants of sprint speed regardless of the sprint distance or the selection of CMJ made by high school athletes. Although the effects of body composition, upper body explosiveness, age, and agility are relatively low, the impact must not be ignored. It is better to enhance the relevant physical fitness according to the features of different sports for achieving the maximum benefit.