Electrodeposition of CuMn Films in Non-aqueous Solution

• Main Authors: Chiang, Wei-Shen, 江偉申
• Other Authors: Wu, Pu-Wei
• Format: Others
• Language: zh-TW
• Published: 2017
• Online Access: http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/bj5y79

碩士 === 國立交通大學 === 材料科學與工程學系奈米科技碩博士班 === 106 === The feature size of integrated circuit is constantly miniaturized as predicted by Moore’s law. As the wire dimension was reduced to less than 0.18 µm, aluminum wire was replaced by copper which exhibits higher conductivity and reduced RC delay. However, rapid diffusion of copper to the underneath silicon layer is a serious issue, resulting in excessive defects. Therefore, a robust diffusion barrier is required. Desirable barriers should meet certain criteria such as high thermal stability and sufficient adhesion with Cu interconnect and dielectric layer. In this study, manganese is chosen as the model material for self-forming diffusion barrier due to its large diffusion coefficient and strong reactivity toward the dielectric layer at elevated temperature. By co-deposition of Cu-Mn alloyed film followed by thermal annealing, Mn atoms diffuse faster than Cu atoms to the dielectric, and an ultra-thin film of Mn-silicate is formed at the interface between the Cu interconnect and dielectrics. In this work, two different non-aqueous solvent systems, organic solvent and deep eutectic solvent, are employed as the deposition baths. Pulse-current electrodeposition is applied for the deposition of copper-manganese films on Cu@Si wafers. A Mn-silicate thin layer is formed by heat treatment with controlled temperature profile. Surface morphologies, film thickness and composition of the deposited Cu-Mn films are examined by SEM and EDS; further compositional analysis is conducted by XRD and XPS. Characterization of the performance for electrolytes are performed by EIS, CV, TGA, and polarization curve. For organic solvent based deposition bath, it is proven that the electrical conductivity is greatly improved with the addition of some acetic acid. The acetic acid is also complexing metal ions and hence renders better film quality with a layer amount of deposits. However, trace amount of water exhibited in acetic acid resulted in the oxidation of as-deposited films. These oxide particles were reluctant toward diffusion and thus no barrier material was formed. Therefore, deep eutectic solvent was then adopted for electrodeposition baths. DES baths showed much better conductivity, hence improved morphology control and current efficiency could be expected. Several parameters were examined, and optimized results were obtained. The as-deposited films were then characterized and confirmed with solid-soluted Mn atoms in copper lattices. Under 400 ˚C, these Mn atoms were successfully diffused to the underneath dielectric layer and formed a diffusion barrier layer as expected previously.