| Summary: | 碩士 === 國立中興大學 === 植物醫學暨安全農業碩士學位學程 === 106 === Bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.) belongs to the family Cucurbitaceae and the genus Momordica. It is one of the important cucurbit vegetables in Taiwan. Due to the hard and thick coat, bitter gourd seeds are easily associated with microorganisms during seed germination. Consequently, the mold is common happen on bitter gourd seeds and causes the reduction of germination and growth. For carrying out the fungal flora on bitter gourd seeds, we compared the fungal flora between the commercial bitter gourd seeds (''Yue Hua'' and ''Rih Guei'') and the seeds (''Rih Guei'') collected from harvest process. The results showed that Alternaria sp., Penicillium sp. and Cladosporium sp. were isolated from commercial ''Yue Hua'' seeds, and Gilbertella sp., Alternaria sp., Penicillium sp., Aspergillus sp. and Cladosporium sp. were isolated from commercial ''Rih Guei'' seeds. Moreover, Gilbertella sp., Penicillium sp. and Cladosporium sp. were the major fungi isolated from ''Rih Guei'' fresh seeds after dried and the commercial bitter gourd seeds. For test the efficacy on reduction of filament fungi, bioagents and chitosan were examined the efficacy. The in vitro test showed that Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and B. subtilis had the best efficacy on control of all filament fungi from bitter gourd seeds and the inhibition rate were 50 to 60 %. In this study, chitosan did not show the efficacy on inhibition of all tested fungi; meanwhile, it promoted the mycelial growth on certain isolates. The seed treatment test indicated that B. amyloliquefaciens, B. subtilis, chitosan and bioagents mixed chitosan did not promote seed germination, but B. amyloliquefaciens, B. subtilis, bioagents mixed chitosan significantly reduced mold growth. The fungicides test revealed that the azoxystrobin, cyprodinil, procymidone, triflumizole and chlorothalonil with 100, 500, 1000 ppm inhibited fungal isolates and the inhibition rate were 2.4 to 90.3 %. In seed treatment test showed that all fungicides did not affect seed germination but significantly reduced mold growth of ''Yue Hua'' seeds. Furthermore, 1000 ppm cyprodinil and 500, 1000 ppm triflumizole and chlorothalonil significantly reduced mold growth of ''Rih Guei'' seeds.
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