| Summary: | 碩士 === 國立金門大學 === 土木與工程管理學系碩士班 === 106 === The objective of this research is to develop the fragility curves of the historic structures considering near fault and far field earthquakes. Hai-Yin Temple will serve as a case study.
A near fault closes to the island with a 30 km, and a 500km in length. Prior to 410 years ago, in 1604, a 7.5 magnitude earthquake hit Kinmen Island. This earthquake resulted in a catastrophic damage on this island. However, very few research conducting the damage evaluation of the historic structures on this island, this is a motivation of this study.
This research is organized into eight chapters. In the Chapter1, the motivation, objective, methodology of the research, and outline of this study are described.
The literature review is conducted in the Chapter 2. This chapter includes related studies on wood structures, interaction behaviors of wooden connections, characteristics of earthquakes, and Newmark’s sliding block theory.
Chapter 3 is devoted to the description of Hai-Yin Temple situated on Tai-wu in Kinmen. The history of this temple is addressed in brevity. The structural dimensions are also delineated in this chapter.
Chapter 4 is concerned with the geologic conditions on the foundation of the temple. The features and parameters of granite and granite gneiss are addressed herein. Newmark’s sliding block theory is introduced to evaluate of the probability of the temple sliding on the hillside. The variation of the sliding coefficients at the interface of the foundation and the ground is presented.
The procedure of dynamic analyses of the temple is studied in Chapter 5. The selection of ground accelerations of near fault and far field earthquakes is based on the compatible seismic design spectra in Kinmen. The wood beams and wood columns are modeling with beam-column elements, brick walls and granite walls with shell elements. The interface of wall foundation and the ground is considered with nonlinear sliding elements. The hysteresis loops of connections of beams and columns are developed with the full scale tests conducted by NCREE. As for the beams mounted on the walls, the friction elements are adopted to estimate the critical PGA to pull out or penetrate the beams from the walls. Due to no damage test of granite walls available, most of the studies focused on the brick damage, therefore, in this study, we use the damage criteria of the brick walls to calculate the granite walls. However, this will lead to more conservative results.
In Chapter 6, the analyses of Newmark’s sliding block are performed. Prior to conduct this analysis, the base line corrections are required to avoid the drift in the displacements. Iwan’s algorithm is used to adjust the accelerations. The sliding displacements with various PGA are achieved to evaluate the safety of the temple.
In addition, the modal analyses are performed in Chapter 6. Several results are achieved with the numerous nonlinear analyses. These include the comparison of the drift of walls due to near fault and far field earthquakes, the probability density functions of the roof displacements, sliding displacements of the foundations, and distributions of the base shears contributed to walls and the frames.
Chapter 7 addresses the development of the fragility curves. The maximum likelihood theory is facilitated to achieve the fragility curves. These consist of several damage criteria. The pull-out failure of the wood beam mounted on the walls, the drift failure of the wood frames and the walls. The fragility curves of different damage states are in terms of the PGA.
The conclusions and final remarks are devoted in Chapter 8.
The fragility curves developed in this research can be incorporated in TELES, which developed by NCREE, to evaluate the safety of the historic structures in Kinmen.
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