| Summary: | 碩士 === 國立臺灣大學 === 農藝學研究所 === 105 === Taiwan frequently suffers from typhoons, torrential rain in summer and autumn and cold damage in winter, which cause severe agricultural loss. To give agricultural operators more protection, Council of Agriculture, Executive Yuan has established crop insurance scheme in 2015. This scheme started from top-grafted pears, then expanded to all kinds of pears, and insurance for mangos and revenue insurance for sugar apples have also been implemented. Although crop insurance scheme in Taiwan is still in early stage, these commercial products have already showed their diversification. This study first analyzed the condition of agricultural insurance among nations, found out that many measures were necessary in early development to maintain insurance policy, including increasing premium subsidy support, cancelling other relief measures, gaining other supports from government only if you are participants, forced to participate if the cultivated areas exceed, investment from experienced foreign company, developing diversified products and propagating through many ways. Premium subsidy can also be linked up with other important agricultural policies, which not only enhance penetration ratio but push other policies forward. Our government should refer to the U.S.A., Japan and Korea as well to draw up a specific law, in order to protect both insurance companies and farmers.
After that, this study evaluated the factors affecting agricultural insurance implementation results in Taiwan from a survey questionnaire given to top-grafted pears farmers in Taichung City and Miaoli County, and logistic regression model is used to analyze the correlation between farmers'' background and their need, behavior and desire of purchase. The results indicated that the farmers who cultivate more area are more likely to feel need and purchase crop insurance, the better-educated farmers and who have less off-farm income are more willing to purchase in the future. To promote crop insurance scheme effectively, we can take those producers as potential consumers, and they may bring others to join crop insurance scheme together. Then this study also analyzed the observations'' understanding of pear insurance, it suggested that government can take farmers'' association as advantageous channel to release policy because farmers are quite familiar with it, and it also showed that high frequency of natural disasters, insufficiency of relief system''s protection, high market price of pears, single harvest season per year and farmers are mostly professional are all favorable factors for policy execution. Respondents care most about the risks that insurance cover and premium, those who didn''t purchase also agree that high premium is the main reason, therefore, insurance products should meet farmers'' acceptability, and be raised purchase incentives by subsidy from government. Besides, most participants in this survey haven''t understood crop insurance scheme completely because of complicated design, low frequency of extension and commentated ways can''t be understood easily, government should communicate with farmers in easier ways and through channels which they are familiar with.
Moreover, most of the 18 respondents who have purchased crop insurance chose the kind of products which is linked up with relief system, and approved insurance policy, it revealed that farmers are more likely to accept the products which are similar to original relief system. The consumers have highest satisfaction toward service of insurance company but lowest satisfaction toward indemnity release, and most of them are willing to purchase again and will encourage others to purchase. In addition, participants can truly feel the advantages that crop insurance brings because many of them obtained indemnity due to severe cold damage last year. In the future, the efficiency of crop insurance scheme will be improved because of ample experiences, and the penetration ratio will be increased gradually as well.
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