Study of hypogeous fungi and their mycorrhizal association with Pinaceae in Taiwan

• Main Authors: Hoi-Tung Li, 李鎧彤
• Other Authors: Ming-Jer Tsai
• Format: Others
• Language: zh-TW
• Published: 2017
• Online Access: http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/733em2

碩士 === 國立臺灣大學 === 森林環境暨資源學研究所 === 105 === Study of hypogeous fungi in Taiwan is scarce and insufficient, especially when comparing with epigeous mushrooms. The objective of this study is to investigate the association of hypogeous fungi with Pinaceae hosts, in both natural forest and plantation in Taiwan. Through morphological, molecular and phylogenetic analysis, sporocarp and mycorrhiza would be identified in order to study the diversity of hypogeous fungi in Taiwan. In June 2016 to May 2017, 9 locations with 6 endemic Pinaceae species were investigated. 4 new species, including Tuber piceanum Wong & Li sp. nov, Tuber xitouense Wong & Li sp. nov, Hydnotrya formosanum Wong & Li sp. nov and Elaphomyces verrucosispora Wong & Li sp. nov; and 3 Taiwan new discovery species, including Endogone flammicorona Trappe & Gerdem, Sclerogaster compactus (Tul. & C. Tul.) Sacc. and mycorrhiza of Cenococcum geophilum Fr. were found, in addition to an immature Hydnobolites cerebriformis Tul. & C. Tul. sporocarp, which possiblely be Taiwan new discovery species but unable to confirm without mature spore characteristics. Results show that hypogeous fungi in Taiwan are abundant and with high diversity, which worth input of more time and resources for further studies. Only one species of hypogeous fungi associated mycorrhiza was found in this study. Most mycorrhiza were found to be associated with epigeous mushrooms, despite their identical morphology with the hypogeous fungi associated mycorrhiza described in references. This confirm the difficulty and unreliability of identification of mycorrhizal fungi solely by mycorrhiza morphology, and review epigeous fungi comparatively more competitive in association with tree host. Comparing the hypogeous fungi diversity associating with different Pinaceae species, Picea has the highest diversity, with Tsuga and Pseudotsuga as the second and Keteleeria as the third, and no discovery for Abies and Pinus. Results also review the higher hypogeous fungi diversity in plantation than in natural forest. We believe that is caused by the high fungal diversity in soil community, resulting in fierce competition between mycorrhizal fungi in natural forest.