| Summary: | 碩士 === 國立臺灣大學 === 國家發展研究所 === 105 === The impact of the existing ideology, social culture and organizational structure makes a clear phenomenon of gender separation in the labor market. Women work for certain kind of occupations, known as (female) gender typical career. When the male work for female-based occupations, we call them non-sex typical occupations. Williams proposed the concept of "glass escalator" for the study of four non-sex typical trades (caregivers, kindergarten teachers, librarians and social workers). He believes that men enter female-based occupations will make them promote smoothly and rapidly. In this paper, I use Williams''s theory glass escalator to view the promotion process of male makeup artist in three parts: the patriarchal dividend, training, promotion and working environment of non-sex typical professional labor and the social perception of non-sex typical occupations and apply the theory of Williams to see how gender inequality works and reproduces in the labor process.
First of all, the distribution of the parental dividend in the makeup industry is based on differences in the imagination of the makeup artist''s gender. Furthermore, the gay identity of the male makeup artists also brings special advantages. However, male makeup artists need to show his feminine and masculine characteristics moderately, carefully and properly in order to gain the advantages of male makeup artists. Moreover, comparing to females, male makeup artists bring more promotional opportunities for the reason of less burden and unmarried gay identity in their working environment. If there are more gay supervisors and female bosses, then male makeup artists are easier to get the promotion. They can face and handle female consumers and colleagues in the working environment easily. Finally, the community divides occupations based on its gender and the contempt the female occupations causing male makeup artist need to be successful. The negative perceptions in the male makeup artist increase the threshold of entering to the occupation. It also becomes a selective mechanism. With more complete career planning, the discrimination of age and gender makes them have to improve. All the hard work cannot change the prejudices of those who are branded in non-sex typical professional men; on the contrary, they also have more advantages.
The results of the study found that: glass escalator effect does occur in the male makeup artist in the process of promotion. Although the makeup industry is a female-based career, masculine characteristics are continuously being respected, promoted and implemented. Furthermore, the deformation of the masculine type is the key point to benefit male makeup artists. Through the hegemony of masculine bring the opportunity of changes. When feminine referrals are no longer the traits that men have to avoid, then maybe the so-called women''s work can be reborn, and gender equality in labor can move forward.
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