| Summary: | 碩士 === 國立臺北大學 === 自然資源與環境管理研究所在職專班 === 105 === In order to protect our nation’s health and maintain the living environment, EPA, Executive Yuan distributed some of the funds for improvement programs of soil contamination to conduct the pollution investigation in diverse sites. Through the investigations, numerous plants were identified with soil or groundwater contamination and were requested to improve the status. This report aims to compare the investigation and management strategies of soil and groundwater pollution in industrial areas by gathering domestic and foreign policies to analyze the status quo in Taiwan. In this report, our team implemented the cost-effectiveness analysis and the key performance indicators assessment according to the records of Site Investigation for Soil and Groundwater Contamination of Abandoned Factories started from 2004. The results will be presented in quantification form in this report as the reference foundation for further policies of EPA.
The report has gathered the ordinances and regulations to control pollution in soil and groundwater environment, and the literatures about the management of industrial sites from the USA and other twelve countries to analyze and compare the pollution investigation for the factories and the management strategy adopted by those countries with Taiwan. The result indicates the system our EPA runs is more aggressive and more complete. Not only does the authority request the parties responsible for the pollution to conduct self-verification, but it executes the investigation of industries with highly-potential contamination systematically to avoid the expansion of the pollution as the strategy of nipping any possibility in the bud.
The cost-effectiveness analysis of performance and utility of historical abandoned factories’ investigations points out that the total cost of those improvement programs was 13 billion and 558 million NT dollars including the total cost of the investigations, 458 million dollars, and the cost of the treatment at the sites identified with contaminated soil and groundwater environments, 13.1 billion dollars, which creates economic utility such as the sustainable land development and the productivity of new factories up to 25 times the cost – 335.9 billion dollars in total.
On the aspect of environmental utility, 7,433 tons of soil with heavy metal contamination, 5,860 tons of soil contaminated by TPH, 515 kilograms of heavy metal-contaminated groundwater, and 217 kilograms of groundwater contaminated by VOCs were processed. Conclusively, through the investigation program, a total of 2,679,379 square meters of soil and groundwater environment has been under the control management and a total of 1,297,136 square meters of environment has been remediated to restore the soil quality, so not just the environmental quality has improved, but the groundwater source has been preserved effectively.
Moreover, when it comes to social utility, the program created employment opportunity and shrank the level of health risk assessment in 42 sites with the improvement of the factories’ surroundings. Furthermore, a total of 35,230 people attended the educational program of environmental protection during the improvement procedure. Thus, in addition to prevent pollution expansion via tracking the source in the investigations of national abandoned factories, the remarkable utility has been created in aspects of economics, environment, and society.
In accordance with the analysis of quantitative indicators of the abandoned factory investigation’s results, the rate of completing the site status verification of the abandoned factories and site assessment reached 100%; however, the rate of investigating pollution in site only reached 28.8%; the rate of identifying the pollution was 57%; the rate of withdrawing control until the end of 2016 reached 61.5%. Hence, a total of 70% of those abandoned factories has not been investigated and the treatment of the contamination at 40% of the identified contaminated site has not completed. In order to protect the health and living environment of the nation and raise the utilities in economics, environment, and society, this report suggests the authority accelerate the process and enhance the supervision in the investigation program.
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