| Summary: | 碩士 === 國立中央大學 === 歷史研究所 === 105 === The thesis aims to discuss the transfer of political power in Mainland China from 1971 to 1976.
The incident of “13 September Incident” foresaw the failure of the Cultural Revolution. However, Mao Zedong struggled to maintain the final revolution directed by himself in his later years. He judged that the Cultural Revolution as one of the two major event in his life. For one thing, Mao tried to rely on Zhou Enlai to make turmoil under control; For another thing, Mao instigated Jiang Qing to raise various political campaigns.
Although Zhou made effort to stabilize the political situation, Zhou’s conduct of “Criticize Ultra-Left Trend of Thought” wasn’t accepted by Mao. Mao deemed that Zhou’s conduct weakened the power of the Cultural Revolution. In order to keep the function of the Cultural Revolution, Mao attempted to cultivate Wang Hongwen as his successor. However, Wang lacked enough knowledge and ability to deal with the political affairs. Mao gradually got rather disappointed with Wang and made the decision to put Deng Xiaoping in an important position again. Mao hoped that Deng could practice his promise of “Never reverse the verdict” and cooperate with the left-wing such as the "Gang of Four". Mao tried to balance the power among the CPC’s internal factions.
It is a pity that Mao didn’t realize the severe consequence brought by the Cultural Revolution. It is difficult to give consideration to class conflict and economic manufacture. The over-all rectification led by Deng virtually attacked the essence of the Cultural Revolution. The "Gang of Four" won’t tolerate Deng, Mao won’t either. Therefore, Deng was forced to give up his political position. According to the fact, Mao chose Hua Guofeng as his successor and believed Hua would follow what he thought and what he said. However, the incident of Tiananmen Square in 1976 revealed the people’s anger for the "Gang of Four" and boredom for the Cultural Revolution. Therefore, Hua united with experienced leaders such as Ye Jianying to arrest the "Gang of Four". The downfall of the "Gang of Four" also represented the end of the Cultural Revolution.
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