The dynasty system and Shu Fan identity ： classification of Fan aboriginals and local society in Taiwan in Qing dynasty

• Main Author: 鄭螢憶
• Other Authors: 詹素娟
• Format: Others
• Language: zh-TW
• Online Access: http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/qpadgt

博士 === 國立政治大學 === 台灣史研究所 === 105 === The article try to use the historical approach to illustrate the process of the formation of the classification system of Fan aboriginals in Qing Dynasty and the influence on the Shu Fan（cooked aborigines） tribe in local society. The official way to separate Taiwan aboriginal as “Ye Fan”, “Tu Fan” was based on the tax payment in Kang Xi dynasty，but it transferred to “Sheng fan（raw aborigines）” , “Shu Fan（cooked aborigines）”in late of Kang Xi dynasty. The officer added the new type: “ naturalized Sheng fan” todescribe the Shu fan（cooked aborigines）who lives beyond the boundary but still pay tax after the end of the Sheng fan naturalization in Yong Zheng dynasty. Because of the “State - controlled system”, Emperor Qian Long wouldn’t move the naturalized Sheng fan into the boundary and locked the Fan’s identity compulsively.With the strengthen of the Aboriginal Boundary, the officer start to use “boundary” or “tax payment” as a standard to separate the Fan and reduce the category to Shu Fan inside the border or Sheng Fan outside the border. Then the officer used lots of systems for distinguish the type of Shu Fan to build the Shu Fan identity to shape of the administrative characteristics of the Shu fan tribe.This administrative identity system is based on tribe, not on individual person.However, the Shu Fan identity system collapsed slowly because the transferred of official system in 19th Century. Finally, Shu Fan , as an official administrative category, disappeared in the official document in late of 19th Century. The implement of identity system in middle of 18th Century maintained the ethnic border of Shu Fan and Han at local society, it also affected the way they communicated with each other. As an example: The An-li tribe try to control the waterpower, mountain and land, displayed the identity system had different influences in different situations.At the same time, Shu fan tribe began to experience dramatic changes, In order to Survive, the An-li tribe adopted different strategies such as migration, concealment in the local community, or conversion to Christian faith. However, the category of Shu Fan and Han from official position only stay at the administrative system level, it didn't become the way for local people to distinguish each other.Shu, as an administrative characteristic, just used at facing the official administrative work or separated Sheng Fan from themselves for Shu Fan. Fan and Han, as an ethnic characteristic, is the main way to distinct crowd at local.This kind of distinction did not affect by the abolishment of Shu Fan identity system, it still existed although the empire was replaced by a new one. The reason of this invisible border can be maintained in the whole Qing Dynasty is based on the Shu Fan’s interaction between the identity system and ethnicity.So, the tribe also used the Shu Fan as an administrative characteristic and aboriginal as an ethnic characteristic to build their ethnic border. In conclusion, what we talk about Shu fan（cooked aborigines） identity in Qing dynasty is not about the category of culture characteristic, is about the system to manage local society in Taiwan. The Qing officers combined the Shu of administrative characteristic and Fan of ethnic characteristic, the crowd who meets the characteristic of Shu would be classified as Shu Fan. So the Shu Fan tribe no longer had meaning of consanguinity in Qing dynasty, people become to Shu Fan by marriage or inherit into tribe. The implement of identity system made Shu Fan had more agency selection and strategy to communicate with others. The collapse of system make the symbol of identity change faster, Fan aboriginals was distilled from tribe and become to Han .