| Summary: | 博士 === 國立政治大學 === 語言學研究所 === 105 === This dissertation aims at providing a structural, semantic and phonetic integrated analysis for Taiwan Hakka go55 constructions. First, we adopt Traugott & Trousdale's (2013) framework, “a constructional view of change”, which reconsiders some aspects of prior works on grammaticalization from a constructional perspective. Then, we integrate Langacker's (1987) "image schema" into our constructional analysis in the hope of linking the mapping between the cognitive and semantic aspects. Lastly, we conduct a production experiment to investigate the relation between grammaticalization and phonetic reduction.
Much work on grammaticalization has paid attention to a morphemic or word unit in which structural and meaning changes are sometimes treated independently. We, however, investigate Hakka go55 structure [NP1+(V)+過+NP2], regarded it as a construction, and then examine the variations and interaction within a construction for capturing form and meaning changes.
We first design a mini-corpus that collects 738 oral tokens of go55 constructions for understanding its usages and distribution. In this corpus, we identify and label the lexicons, structures and semantics of the elements of the constructions. Our targets are typical constructions and the grammaticalized ones although there are many syntactic variations in natural speech. Through the bottom-up labeling process, the result shows that there are three macro-constructions: Type A [NP1+V過+NP2], Type B [NP1+V+DC過(+D去/來)+NP2+D去/來] and Type C [NP+過+VP]. Type A and B contain all verbal and complement directional constructions, so they present many syntactic patterns in high frequency while Type C is the degree construction in low frequency.
We further investigate the corresponding relationships among cognitive concepts, semantics and syntax. The results show that the constructional meaning is not completely independent of the verbal meaning since the verb is part of the construction. Moreover, the interaction between the other components (particularly the nouns after the verbs) affects the formation of the constructional meaning. Therefore, the cognitive concepts of image schema are first examined to understand the cognitive nature of go55 constructions and are merged into the constructional analysis based on the relation between semantic and syntax. After taking three aspects into account, we explore the emergence of constructionalization and constructional change. Then, all subconstructions form a family, organized in an inheritance hierarchy.
In order to examine the relation between phonetic reduction and grammaticalization, finally, a production experiment is implemented to reflect the phonetic representation of go55 constructions. Hakka go55 constructions are the major targets while Mandarin ones are the supplement roles. The duration of the original data is normalized for obtaining a reliable phonetic feature signifying phonetic reduction. The results suggest that the aspectal use is prosodically less prominent than their verbal use. Potentiality forms are often reduced than the other components. Compared to the concrete-motion meaning, the abstract one is majorly reduced.
Overall, this dissertation provides a comprehensive analysis and overview of structures, semantics and phonetics in Hakka go55 constructions.
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