| Summary: | 碩士 === 輔仁大學 === 博物館學研究所碩士班 === 105 === In order to help museums adapt to the cultural system reform and meet the needs of social development, Chinese government began to implement the rating system of museum evaluation since 2008. After ten years of implementation, the criteria of evaluation was revised in 2012 and 2016 respectively and its content has been constantly improved, exerting greater influence on the museum sector. It helps museums gain more attention from the society and the government, and the honor of being rated also impels museums to improve their management.
However, previous studies have found some questions about the content and implementation process, indicating that the system has some deficiencies to be improved. In order to clarify the problems brought by the museum evaluation, this esssay reviewed the background of the evaluation, the rating method and specific content of the standard, foud out its features and pratical influences and thought about why problems arised.
Through literature research, combing the relationship between cultural policy and museum evaluation development in the past three decades, this essay found that the rating system of museum evaluation is in line with the needs of culture system reform, market economy development and transformation of museum's social function. It breaks the multi-channel management of museum caused by the industry classification, helps the government to control the development of museum industry, changes the museum’s subordination to the administrative will and guides the museum industry to take the road of speicialized development. It hopes that the museum can change the traditional obejct-oriented management model and strengthen its public culutral funtion.
On the other side, after analysing three versions of rating system, this essay also found that the authorities gradually delegate the specific work of museum evaluation to the museum association. In addition, the museum evaluation has increased the focus on the merger and reorganization of museums. It has not set up any encouraging provisions on participating evaluation any more.
Even though the rating system of museum evaluation has emphasized its function in industry guidance and specialization in the museum sector, it’s still faced with some problems such as weak standard applicability, unclear orientation and lack of interetst in the evaluation. From the connotation and orientation of the museum specialization, this essay analysed the specialization content and its underlying thinking mode .
Encouraging the museum to change from administration to specialization is important part of the rating system of museum evaluation, but how to achieve specialization while taking into account the museum's individual development, remains to be discussed.
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