| Summary: | 碩士 === 中華科技大學 === 土木防災與管理碩士班 === 105 === Due to the advanced technology and medical treatment, humans’ average age has increased annually. According to the 2015 World Health Organization (WHO) statistics, the average human life is 71 years old: 73 for female and 68 for male; the average for Japan is 84, which ranks first in the world’s life expectancy. Taiwan also trends to the aging society; the rapid increase of aging people even can align the impact of super aging society in the future. In recent years, our government is imposing the old welfare policy for the resettlement with the establishment and improvement of many elderly board-and-care or skilled nursing facilities as well as the day care center plan for the elders with junior ages.
Although the elderly welfare institution can ameliorate the shortage of caregivers, the potential concerns and safety issues on elders by their fragility to disaster breed at the same time. This research aims to discuss the internal fireproof structure and manpower allocation of these institutions while facing the fire, and analyzes if which favors the safe shelter for those vulnerable refugees. The content applies FDS (Fire Dynamic Simulator) simulation software to monitor the actual inside fire scenario, to check if internal fireproof structure, fire doors and windows can shelter the on-site suspending minority, and to seek enhancement for institutional inner plan for less casualties.
The results indicate:
1. Simulation of Scenario One:
If the self-defense fire group can implement to close the fire door and window for each room within 30 seconds for obstructing the diffusion of smoke effectively and prolonging the on-site shelter time as well, then the total available rescue time can lengthen to 1.5 to twice longer.
2. Simulation of Scenario Two:
If extending the gap below the fire door for one time wider, the blocking effect to smoke and dust deteriorates with higher value on the overall risk factors, the total available rescue time will shrink for 100-150 seconds.
3. Simulation of Scenario Three:
If with fire by electronics in kitchen and the shift of flaming position with higher heat-release rate, the door by the flaming position can be over 400-500℃ in 100 seconds while 200-300℃ for the shelter path. All the shelter routes will be up to 100℃ after 300 seconds, whose temperature is more than one time higher comparing to scenario one.
The above results declare that the close of the fire door and window and the shrinkage
of door gap can effectively prolong the shelter time for rescue with less casualties.
|
|---|
