The Tradition and Innovation of Kecak in Bona, Bali

• Main Authors: Ya-Han Chang, 張雅涵
• Other Authors: Ching-Huei Lee
• Format: Others
• Language: zh-TW
• Published: 2016
• Online Access: http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/13480823063059647135

碩士 === 國立臺北藝術大學 === 傳統音樂學系碩士班理論組 === 104 === 　　Kecak (or cak) is a type of performing arts which is based on vocal gamelan (gamelan suara). It was originated from the vocal chanting used in two types of sanghyang rituals: sanghyang dedari and sanghyang jaran to accompany the trance dance. Originally sanghyang rituals in Bali were practiced for the purpose of exorcising evil spirits that caused plague in villages. Since 1930s the vocal gamelan was developed to be a dance drama and was mainly used for tourist performances. The Bona village (Desa Bona) was one of the most famous villages in Bali for kecak tourist performances. However, the decrease in the number of audience in 1990s brought to an end of kecak tourist performances in Bona in 1998. 　　Since then Bona artists have established several dance troupes to restore and flourish the traditional music in Bona. Among these troupes, Sanggar Paripurna is the most active one. Recently, the director I Made Sidia leads members and Bona villagers to maintain, innovate and promote the representative types of Balinese performing arts locally and globally, particularly their efforts on the innovation of kecak. They even broke the traditional structure of kecak and make a new creative work, the tek tok dance (2014). The latter had been one of the tourist performances in Ubud District (Kacamatan Ubud), one of the famous arts and culture center in Bali. However, due to various factors the show was finally stopped in 2015. 　　This article takes the tradition and innovation as viewpoints, utilizing document survey and fieldwork to research the trajectory of the development of traditional music in Bona. It takes off from the historical tourist kecak troupes to currently the four dance troupes, focusing on the diverse and innovative performing activities of Sanggar Paripurna. By analyzing and comparing the original kecak and the three new kecak works by Sanggar Paripurna and examining the rise and fall of tek tok dance as well, this article aims to discuss how the kecak interwined tradition with innovation during the past 80 years of development.