| Summary: | 碩士 === 淡江大學 === 中國大陸研究所碩士在職專班 === 104 === Because the Communist Party of China is China''s sole governing party, many leadership positions in government organs at all levels are held by party members. Many government officials have the dual identity of Communist party member and public servant. In addition, the Communist Party insists that government functions be performed under party leadership and that supervision of organizations and individual personnel be developed under government and party leadership. Accordingly, disciplinary supervision of the Communist Party is conducted at the highest levels of the entire Chinese supervisory system, and party disciplinary organs possess leadership and command functions with respect to other types of supervision. When personnel acting in the capacity of state officials are also party members, cases are handled according to government regulations only after processing by the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection. Cases of state officials who are not party members are handled directly under relevant regulations by the government Ministry of Supervision or the judiciary system.
The Communist Party controls major positions in all levels of government and is deeply embedded in all levels of society. The party also emphasizes the principles of “leadership by the party” and “control of the party by the party”. As such, in order to achieve centralized and united control and enhance cooperative efforts, a joint office was formed in 1993 from the Ministry of Supervision of the State Council and the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection of the CPC, and integration began. In September 2007, the National Bureau of Corruption Prevention was established, with the Minister of Supervision concurrently serving as Director. As a result, the Ministry of Supervision, Central Commission for Discipline Inspection, and Bureau of Corruption Prevention are operating as a single unit under the leadership of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection. A new situation exists in which joint anti-corruption efforts are being developed under the methods of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection.
The source of corruption is alienation from public authority. Such alienation plagues all developing countries where there is conflict between the political and economic systems. To alleviate alienation from public authority, officials must improve the quality of their personal ethics. However, such improvement will not be easily achieved. The key to combating corruption is to identify methods which can be applied from outside positions of power and which employ a balance of power and a civilian supervision system to regulate the exercise of power. This approach is preferable to relying on the temporary will of leadership or to using the issue as support for a power struggle.
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