| Summary: | 碩士 === 國立臺灣大學 === 歷史學研究所 === 104 === The main purpose of this thesis is to figure out the motivation of Yoshino Sakuzo on transcending the thought of nationalism, renowned as one of the most important democratic theorists in the Taisho Democracy period, by analyzing the role of “SHUYO”(self-cultivation) in the process from embrace to transcend of nationalism through all the periods of his life.
Yoshino was deeply inspired by SHUYO in his teenage, which was not only origined from the moral education but also one of his favorite magazine SHOKOKUMIN (young nationals) during his teenage. The main goal for the Meiji Government to promote the moral education was to combine the engraft of patriotism with the cultivation of moral; moreover, SHOKOKUMIN was also based on the official educational policy. As a result, Yoshino had already become a young man with strong nationalism and moral sensitivity due to the engraft from the government.
Into the youth of Yoshino, Japan had faced the social collective moral crisis, and followed with the rise of the "SHUYOSHUGI"(self-cultivation doctrine). It was highly acceptable for Yoshino in pursuing for SHUYOSHUGI which is based on the meaning of life and the promotion on moral and personality due to the establishment of moral in his teenage and the death of his sister. Through the contact with person who followed SHUYOSHUGI as Oshikawa Masayoshi, Ebina Danjo, and Nitobe Inazo, Yoshino gained the satisfaction on his concern in moral and moreover built up the idea of self-cultivation. But the nationalism still remained great influence, so that Yoshino still put “Nation” rather than “Personal” as the main role in the cultivation of moral and personality. Yoshino didn’t pay much attention on personalism which is based on pursuing the value of “person” according to the description of SHUYOSHUGI.
After his graduation from the Tokyo University, Yoshino’s nationalism faced great challenge. The outbreak of domestic and oversea movement and his oversea experience forced Yoshino to rethink the relationship between “nation” and “person”, and led the development of his own theory of democracy, which is called “MINPONSHUGI” (people based doctrine). Not only moral concept but also the personalism and personalism-based Christian conviction were taken by Yoshino for the core of democratic practice in his MINPONSHUGI.
Inspired with Thomas Woodrow Wilson’s idealistic international theory after the WWI, Yoshino put his democratic theory into the sphere of international relations. Based on the personalism, Yoshino asked Japanese to be just and sympathetic to China and Korea, then claimed the SHUYO of personalism is the core idea that Japanese should cultivate for the upcoming time of international democracy. As a conclusion, we could say the awareness of the personality is the key to the transcending on nationalism in Yoshino’s case.
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