| Summary: | 碩士 === 國立清華大學 === 科技管理研究所 === 104 === The significance of science lies in its ability to improve material life, and expand knowledge boundaries. As traditional science is solely carried out by a handul of experts, over the years, the decreasing communication costs led to the rise of a crowd science that is scientist-led, with public participation and disclosure of intermediate inputs. As studies rarely investigate the meaning and content of crowd science, this paper makes use of classification to classify firstly, based on its degree of integration, and secondly, based on the difficulty of the tasks. There are four types of crowd science, namely, "Lion" type, "Monkey" type, "Wolf" type, and "Bee" type which we will discuss according to their modes of operation, and management challenges.
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