| Summary: | 碩士 === 國立成功大學 === 工程科學系 === 104 === Quantum states are not completely described by the classical theory of realism. Such quantum non-realistic features provide tools to detect quantum effects and have applications to quantum information processing. There is, however, no scheme for quantifying non-realistic features. Here we first define a reference state that can be described by the classical realistic theory. A quantum process that changes any states into this reference state is also introduced. We then further propose two measures to quantify the non-realistic features of quantum state and quantum process. With these two novel quantifiers, we show that any pure states and any unitary transformations are the states and the processes of maximal non-realistic features, respectively. Furthermore, we also apply these quantifiers to quantum information processing, such as quantifying non-realistic features of quantum channels and evaluating the performance of quantum gates. Finally, we compare our measures with a quantum coherence quantifier in detail.
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