| Summary: | 碩士 === 輔仁大學 === 營養科學系碩士班 === 104 === Middle-aged and elderly people usually have certain aspects of physical deterioration, such as muscle and bone losses which lead to fall easily, and increased the risk of fractures. Menopausal women with reduced estrogen secretion are more prone to bone loss than men in the same age. Meanwhile, deficit in dietary intake of bone health related nutrients, such as calcium, vitamin D and protein, in addition to low physical activities may change bone metabolism. Therefore, the aim of this study is to identify the effects of exercise intervention and nutritional status on the muscle mass, muscle strength, body mass index (BMI), and muscle mass index (MMI). Twenty menopause women averaged 58 year old were recruited in this study to measure the bone mass density by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and body composition analysis (BIA), Meanwhile, food record (FR), food-frequency questionnaire (FFQ), physical activity questionnaire (IPAQ) were collected. Subjects participated in the sport class, a 90 minutes per week. In the end of this 3-month period, muscle test, FR, BIA, FFQ and IPAQ were recorded. The results indicated that the exercise intervention could improve part of muscle strength and increase the walking speed of the subjects. Moreover, the intakes of calories, protein, fat and phosphorus were significantly lower than baseline (P<0.05). However, energy from carbohydrate is significantly higher compared with baseline. The intake of calcium, vitamin D, vitamin E and vitamin C in subjects were lower than 2/3 DRIs. In addition, the subjects’ BMD were associated with the limbs muscle strength (p<0.05). Moreover, the daily steps in osteoporosis group were significantly lower than osteopenia and normal groups. In addition, dietary intake wasn’t significantly correlated to BMD, muscle mass, daily steps and physical activity. In conclusion, the menopausal women may improve the muscle strength and physical activities levels by the exercise intervention for reducing the osteoporotic risk.
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