| Summary: | 博士 === 中原大學 === 設計學博士學位學程 === 104 === Owing to occurrence of Typhoon Morakot Incident in Taiwan, the indigenous peoples originally living in the mountain area of Southern Taiwan were forced to move to the permanent houses built on the flat ground. However, there appeared cases and trends of operation and management of natural resources. This kind of migration was assisted and planned by the government or by nongovernmental organizations, but the indigenous peoples found it hard to adapt to their new living environment as well as the different economic production way and techniques. Therefore, many tribesmen went back to their homeland successively for farming. In view of this, the study attempts to review the spatial use of the tribal houses, study the changes of inherited house patterns, and explore the evolution process of the living space of the indigenous peoples in Southern Taiwan after the disasters. The study makes a case study of the settlement of the Rukai Tribe in Labuan (Dawu) Community. The study also covers the correlation among the location selection of the traditional tribal ruins, evolution of living space and tribal living styles.
The study makes field surveys, literature review, in-depth interviews and 3D landscape figures, and reports the reconstruction process of the tribesmen in Labuan Community after the typhoon disaster in order to explore the correlation between the tribesmen’s survival and self-protection ways and their mountain lives. The study discusses about the evolution of the tribesmen’s living space in Labuan Community, from three different periods in the old days to the later days with flatland houses rented by a minority of the tribesmen, the spatial heritage of their tribal houses, and the problems presented. The study finds that the evolution of their construction materials and living space were affected by the change of foreign political power during the Japanese occupation period, and affected by the change of national policy, economy and social conditions after the restoration of Taiwan. After investigation and induction of the collected information as well as comparative analysis of spatial use of the tribal houses at different periods, the study finds that the crops and preys of the tribe had established their religious, eoonomic and social statuses, and the co-shared society so as to protect the mountain forest, and form the features of sustainable operation and cultural heritage –– this is a link combining with geographical environment as a whole. In this process, due to different factors, including the Japanese involvement, introduction of new materials and techniques, and the predicaments after the typhoon disaster, there were evolution of construction patterns and selection of geographic location. Besides, as affected by the class system of tribes, different tribes appear to have different symbiotic phenomena and symbiotic space. The study draws conclusion in some aspects: the inherited operation patterns of cultural change in tribal living space, internal force of spatial heritage, and correlation between them. The study suggests that in the design of village migration plan in the later days, if the features of the operation management system formed by the cultural meanings of tribes can be preserved, there would be greater chances for enhancement of mountain forest conservation and diversity of cultural heritage.
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