Organizational change of intelligent leadership with respect to I-Ching

• Main Authors: Chin-Tuan Ou, 歐進端
• Other Authors: Wen-Chun Tsai
• Format: Others
• Language: zh-TW
• Published: 2016
• Online Access: http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/54634612899356140972

碩士 === 中原大學 === 企業管理研究所 === 104 === The I-Ching, also known as the Classic of Changes, is an ancient divination text and the oldest of the Chinese Classics. It won the name of school and hence to be considered together a set of collection of the Five Classics, providing inspiration to the worlds of religion, psychoanalysis, business, literature, and art. The I-Ching has been translated into Western languages dozens of times, and more recently its philosophy has been brought to public attention in business management practice. Changes in enterprise management and operation are unpredictable far more alike than fate impermanence to life; nevertheless, most of us would accept that changing still has its constant truth, and may not be merely explained as a volatile. By amalgamating the changes and mysteries of the universe, the I-Ching actually is capable of offering a premium guidance on the strategy formulation if some important elements, in terms of timing(時), azimuth(位), and situation(勢), could be comprehended and analyzed systematically. The above made it clear that all of the I-Ching activies involved in the utility preparation(製器), followed by the divination(占卜) and the text interpretation seemingly more focused on seeking ways to avoiding hardships. As an important component of Chinese traditional culture, the I-Ching''s influence throughout history has been profound. The I-Ching, a discussion of change management, is composed of the sixty-four hexagrams by well-constructed and organized from the Eight Trigrams, in which each hexagram can reflect a specific circumstance within the universe. Every single unit in sixty-four hexagrams has its own serial order, conferred thinking with complexity. As interlinked with Yao (爻), including Cheng(乘), Cheng(承), Ying(應), Bi (比), Zong (中), and Zheng (正), it could bring out the significant of the nature. Another illustration of the point is that the hexagrams with the holistic perspective(全觀性) in terms of compatibility(和合觀), coagulation(凝聚觀), profit and loss(損益觀), innovation(革新觀), extrication(脫困觀), and thinking(思維觀), could offer a quality instruction for an organization leader to perform organization construction, and stabilize organization revolution, assuring enterprise a sustainable competitive advantage. I-Ching was complied by means of inductive method. To quote I-Ching, "Make friends of the same disposition; birds of a feature flock together(方以類聚，物以群分)". A case study by a process of deduction was generally carried out based upon the principle of Guaci(卦辭)and Yaoci(爻辭), by which I-Ching can be analytically implemented for a decision making based on deduction from timing(時), azimuth(位), and situation(勢), character(性), and virtue(德). It is expressed best by the I-Ching as the followings: "To explore the hidden and probe into the profound truth(探賾索隱 鉤深致遠)". In order to ensure the success of decision making, it is essential to examine acutely the circumstances of the event as an initial investigation, which is followed by a schematic plot to represent the text and diagrams for divination. In the mean time, a close analogy between the manifestation of a divination and the drawing of the event itself could be well-correlated. Ultimately, an optimized deductive decision could then be finalized. As can be seen in the following quotation from I-Ching: "引而伸之，觸類而長之，天下之能事畢矣", and from the Qian Diagram: "六爻發揮，旁通情矣". An important point to emphasize is that all things within the universe are able to be well comprehended by means of a close analogy. From what has been discussed above, we can summarize that based upon the feature for the change of variables in the hexagrams and the evolution significant in the Yao(爻), a close analogy interlinked with philosophical thought enables the hexagram to revealing the principle of I-Ching, acting as the guidance of strategy formulation. For instance, an Cuo Gua(錯卦) could be complementary, an Zong Gua(綜卦) provides reverse suggestions, an Hu Gua(互卦) induces a reorganization of thinking, and an Jiao Hu Gua(交互卦) brings insight into the core of the event. What the study makes clear is that the I-Ching offers the key to an understanding of interactions of the deductive and analytical methods, which enables, for sure, an organization leader to greatly improve the quality of decision making.