Building modern Mongolia, a review on the Ulaanbaatar City Master Plan 2020

• Main Authors: Urantsetseg Otgonenkh, 歐莉
• Other Authors: Huang, Yi-Chih Huang
• Format: Others
• Language: en_US
• Published: 2015
• Online Access: http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/4p7umj

碩士 === 中國文化大學 === 建築及都市設計學系 === 103 === Mongolia is a landlocked country in east-central Asia. It is bordered by Russia to the north and China to the south, east and west. Occupied 1,564,116 square kilometer (603,909 sq mi) territory with a population of around 2.9 million people, Mongolia is the 19th largest and the most sparsely populated independent country in the world. The country is famous for its own nomadic culture and great history in the world. Due to nomadic husbandry, Mongolia has its own unique development of urbanization in comparing to other civilizations. Since the 2-nd half of the 20th century, Mongolia developed rapid urbanization and today about 49.1% of total population, over 1.2million population, is residing in Ulaanbaatar city, the capital city and the cultural, industrial, and economic heart of the country. Ulaanbaatar was founded in 1639 as a small town named Urgoo and settled at the present location in 1778. However, it has been only since 1954 that Ulaanbaatar has developed in accordance with scientifically based city planning. During the past ‘communist regime,’ the capital city’s master plan was revised four times according to the city’s growing population and needs. The plan guided and resulted in the internal structure of the present city. In its history city has highlighted five phases of urban planning development in Ulaanbaatar in between the 1950s and the 1990s. In recent years Mongolian government has been implementing fifth master plan “Ulaanbaatar City Master Plan 2020”, launched in 2001 and is based around five visions for Mongolia’s capital city, to be realized within the next decades. Although the government addressed the fifth master plan, the implementation of master plan was poorly since it started. In case of Ulaanbaatar, there are missing of urban-oriented researches and surveys as well as thoroughly conducted and creative activities based on the modern urban theory and methodologies used in the developed countries. So, last decades in Ulaanbaatar city faced urgently urban problems caused by unexpected rapidly population growth, so, there is need to create more effective modern urban plans and to get experiences from other developed cities. This thesis provides a brief review on the historical evolution, urbanization process and newly encountered urban problems of Ulaanbaatar city. Besides, this thesis also reviews the construction and implementation of Ulaanbaatar Master Plan 2020, and traced the changes and development of urban planning, in the dilemma of developing modern capital city and the preservation and transformation of traditional nomadic culture in modern city.